Etiologie

Facteurs exogènes : Autres

Menée en Finlande, cette étude de cohorte incluant 224 715 hommes et 230 220 femmes évalue l'association entre la prise de statines et le risque de carcinome à cellules de Merkel

Increased incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma among younger statin users
• Cancer Epidemiology, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée en Finlande, cette étude de cohorte incluant 224 715 hommes et 230 220 femmes évalue l'association entre la prise de statines et le risque de carcinome à cellules de Merkel

“Increased incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma among younger statin users”

• Sahi, Helka;Koljonen, Virve;Böhling, Tom;Neuvonen, Pertti J.;Vainio, Harri;Lamminpää, Anne;Kyyrönen, Pentti;Pukkala, Eero

Background Statins (HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors) are suggested to act as a predisposing factor for autoimmune diseases, have immunomodulatory effects, and possibly prevent some cancer types – the sum of these effects is unknown in cancers of viral aetiology, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Aim of our study was to find out whether statin users in Finland have an increased incidence of MCC. Patients and methods A cohort of 224 715 male and 230 220 female statin users during 1994–2007 was identified from the Prescription Register of the National Social Insurance Institution. This cohort was followed up through the Finnish Cancer Registry for MCC up to 2009. Results There were altogether 50 cases of MCCs, while the expected number of cases, calculated on the basis of the MCC incidence in comparable Finnish population, was 39.9 (SIR 1.25, 95% CI 0.93–1.65). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for MCC in ages <60 years was 3.16 (95% CI 0.65–9.23), in ages 60–74 years ...

Mots clés : Peau (hors mélanome); Etiologie (Facteurs exogènes : Autres)

A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (11 études cas-témoins et 4 études de cohorte), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une gastrectomie et le risque de cancer du pancréas

Gastrectomy and risk of pancreatic cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
• Cancer Causes and Control, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (11 études cas-témoins et 4 études de cohorte), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre une gastrectomie et le risque de cancer du pancréas

“Gastrectomy and risk of pancreatic cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”

• Gong, Yuanfeng;Zhou, Quanbo;Zhou, Yu;Lin, Qing;Zeng, Bing;Chen, Rufu;Li, Zhihua

Purpose To investigate the association between gastrectomy and risk of pancreatic cancer (PaC). Methods We identified eligible studies in Medline and EMBASE up to 11 February 2012 and the reference lists of original studies and review articles on this topic. Summary relative risks with their 95 % confidence intervals were calculated with a random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran Q and I 2 statistics. Results Fifteen studies (11 case–control studies and 4 cohort studies) met eligibility criteria. The current data suggest that gastrectomy is associated with a 54 % excess risk of PaC (SRRs = 1.54; 95 % CI, 1.25–1.90; test for heterogeneity Q = 17.94, p < 0.001, I 2 = 22 %). There was no publication bias in the present meta-analysis. Conclusion A significant increased risk of PaC exists in patients who have undergone gastrectomy, particularly those receiving Billroth II resection with a long postoperative interval.

Mots clés : Pancréas; Etiologie (Facteurs exogènes : Autres)

Cette étude de cohorte rétrospective britannique évalue l'association entre une exposition à des rayonnements ionisants lors d'examens médicaux pendant l'enfance et le risque ultérieur de leucémie et de tumeurs cérébrales

Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study
• The Lancet, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Cette étude de cohorte rétrospective britannique évalue l'association entre une exposition à des rayonnements ionisants lors d'examens médicaux pendant l'enfance et le risque ultérieur de leucémie et de tumeurs cérébrales

“Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study”

• Pearce, Mark S.;Salotti, Jane A.;Little, Mark P.;McHugh, Kieran;Lee, Choonsik;Kim, Kwang Pyo;Howe, Nicola L.;Ronckers, Cecile M.;Rajaraman, Preetha;Craft, Alan W.;Parker, Louise;de González, Amy Berrington

Although CT scans are very useful clinically, potential cancer risks exist from associated ionising radiation, in particular for children who are more radiosensitive than adults. We aimed to assess the excess risk of leukaemia and brain tumours after CT scans in a cohort of children and young adults. In our retrospective cohort study, we included patients without previous cancer diagnoses who were first examined with CT in National Health Service (NHS) centres in England, Wales, or Scotland (Great Britain) between 1985 and 2002, when they were younger than 22 years of age. We obtained data for cancer incidence, mortality, and loss to follow-up from the NHS Central Registry from Jan 1, 1985, to Dec 31, 2008. We estimated absorbed brain and red bone marrow doses per CT scan in mGy and assessed excess incidence of leukaemia and brain tumours cancer with Poisson relative risk models. To avoid inclusion of CT scans related to cancer diagnosis, follow-up for leukaemia began 2 years after ...
Beyond the bombs: cancer risks of low-dose medical radiation
• The Lancet, sous presse, 2012 (commentaire)

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Cette étude de cohorte rétrospective britannique évalue l'association entre une exposition à des rayonnements ionisants lors d'examens médicaux pendant l'enfance et le risque ultérieur de leucémie et de tumeurs cérébrales

“Beyond the bombs: cancer risks of low-dose medical radiation”

• Einstein, Andrew J.

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Etiologie (Facteurs exogènes : Autres)

Facteurs endogènes

Cette étude de cohorte prospective incluant 8 956 participantes américaines âgées de plus de 65 ans évalue l'association entre un syndrome métabolique et le risque de cancer du sein après la ménopause

Components of metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer by prognostic features in the study of osteoporotic fractures cohort
• Cancer Causes and Control, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Cette étude de cohorte prospective incluant 8 956 participantes américaines âgées de plus de 65 ans évalue l'association entre un syndrome métabolique et le risque de cancer du sein après la ménopause

“Components of metabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer by prognostic features in the study of osteoporotic fractures cohort”

• Reeves, Katherine;McLaughlin, Vicki;Fredman, Lisa;Ensrud, Kristine;Cauley, Jane

Purpose Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and most of its components have been previously associated with increased breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that increasing number of MetS components would be positively associated with breast cancer risk. Methods Data were obtained from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, a prospective cohort of women aged ≥65 enrolled between 1986 and 1988 and still being followed prospectively ( n = 8,956). MetS components evaluated at baseline were elevated waist circumference, hypertension, and diabetes. Data were not available on hyperlipidemia. Incident breast cancers were confirmed by pathology report. We compared women with 0, 1, and 2 or 3 MetS components. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate associations for breast cancer overall and classified by prognostic features. Results At baseline, 28.8 % of participants had 2 or 3 MetS components. Over an average follow-up of 14.4 years, 551 breast cancer cases were identified. Compared to ...

Mots clés : Sein; Etiologie (Facteurs endogènes)

Menée initialement sur 661 cas de cancer du poumon et 959 témoins, puis validée sur une cohorte de 1 154 cas et 1 373 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre des polymorphismes à simple nucléotide de gènes impliqués dans la régulation de l'apoptose et le risque de cancer du poumon

Systematic Evaluation of Apoptotic Pathway Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk
• Carcinogenesis, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée initialement sur 661 cas de cancer du poumon et 959 témoins, puis validée sur une cohorte de 1 154 cas et 1 373 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre des polymorphismes à simple nucléotide de gènes impliqués dans la régulation de l'apoptose et le risque de cancer du poumon

“Systematic Evaluation of Apoptotic Pathway Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk”

• Lin, Jie;Lu, Charles;Stewart, David J;Gu, Jian;Huang, Maosheng;Chang, David W;Lippman, Scott M;Wu, Xifeng

We adopted a two-stage study design to screen 927 SNPs located in 73 apoptotic-pathway genes in a case-control study and then performed a fast-track validation of the significant SNPs in a replication population to identify sequence variations in the apoptotic pathway modulating lung cancer risk. Fifty-five SNPs showed significant associations in the discovery population comprised of 661 lung cancer cases and 959 controls. Six of these SNPs located in three genes (BCL2, CASP9 and ANKS1B) were validated in a replication population with 1,154 cases and 1,373 controls. Additive model was the best-fitting model for five SNPs (rs1462129 and rs255102 of BCL2, rs6685648 of CASP9 and rs1549102, rs11110099 of ANKS1B) and recessive model was the best fit for one SNP (rs10745877 of ANKS1B). In the analysis of joint effects with subjects carrying no unfavorable genotypes as the reference group, those carrying one, two, and three or more unfavorable genotypes had an OR of 2.22 (95% CI=1.08-4.57, ...

Mots clés : Poumon; Etiologie (Facteurs endogènes)

Couplée aux données de la cohorte "CLUE II", cette étude en population américaine évalue la relation entre des variants des gènes associés à la voie de signalisation Hedgehog et le risque d'un second cancer chez les patients ayant eu un carcinome basocellulaire

A population-based study of hedgehog pathway gene variants in relation to the dual risk of basal cell carcinoma plus another cancer
• Cancer Epidemiology, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Couplée aux données de la cohorte "CLUE II", cette étude en population américaine évalue la relation entre des variants des gènes associés à la voie de signalisation Hedgehog et le risque d'un second cancer chez les patients ayant eu un carcinome basocellulaire

“A population-based study of hedgehog pathway gene variants in relation to the dual risk of basal cell carcinoma plus another cancer”

• Jorgensen, Timothy J.;Ruczinski, Ingo;Yao Shugart, Yin;Wheless, Lee;Berthier Schaad, Yvette;Kessing, Bailey;Hoffman-Bolton, Judith;Helzlsouer, Kathy J.;Kao, W. H. Linda;Francis, Lesley;Alani, Rhoda M.;Strickland, Paul T.;Smith, Michael W.;Alberg, Anthony J.

Introduction: A personal history of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is associated with increased risk of other malignancies, but the reason is unknown. The hedgehog pathway is critical to the etiology of BCC, and is also believed to contribute to susceptibility to other cancers. This study tested the hypothesis that hedgehog pathway and pathway-related gene variants contribute to the increased risk of subsequent cancers among those with a history of BCC. Methods: The study was nested within the ongoing CLUE II cohort study, established in 1989 in Washington County, Maryland, USA. The study consisted of a cancer-free control group (n = 2296) compared to three different groups of cancer cases ascertained through 2007, those diagnosed with: (1) Other (non-BCC) cancer only (n = 2349); (2) BCC only (n = 534); and (3) BCC plus other cancer (n = 446). The frequencies of variant alleles were compared among these four groups for 20 single nucleotide ...

Mots clés : Peau (hors mélanome); Etiologie (Facteurs endogènes)

Menée sur plusieurs cohortes de cas de cancer du pancréas et de témoins sains, cette étude américaine d'association sur le génome entier évalue l'association entre des polymorphismes à simple nucléotide, le risque de cancer du pancréas et la survie globale des patients

A Replication Study and Genome-wide Scan of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Risk and Overall Survival
• Clinical Cancer Research, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée sur plusieurs cohortes de cas de cancer du pancréas et de témoins sains, cette étude américaine d'association sur le génome entier évalue l'association entre des polymorphismes à simple nucléotide, le risque de cancer du pancréas et la survie globale des patients

“A Replication Study and Genome-wide Scan of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Risk and Overall Survival”

• Willis, Jason A;Olson, Sara H.;Orlow, Irene;Mukherjee, Semanti;McWilliams, Robert R.;Kurtz, Robert C.;Klein, Robert J

Purpose: To explore the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on pancreatic cancer risk and overall survival. Experimental Design: The germline DNA of 531 pancreatic cancer cases and 305 healthy controls from a hospital-based study was genotyped at SNPs previously reported to be associated with pancreatic cancer risk or clinical outcome. We analyzed putative risk SNPs for replication of their reported effects on risk and tested for novel effects on overall survival (OS). Similarly, we analyzed putative survival-associated SNPs for replication of their reported effects on OS and tested for novel effects on risk. Lastly, we performed a genome-wide association study of OS using a subset of 252 cases, with two subsequent validation sets of 261 and 572 patients, respectively. Results: Among seven risk SNPs analyzed, two (rs505922, rs9543325) were associated with risk (p less than 0.05). Among 24 survival-associated SNPs analyzed, one (rs9350) was associated with OS (p less than ...

Mots clés : Pancréas; Etiologie (Facteurs endogènes)

A partir des données de deux études en population (1 555 cas de cancer du côlon et 1 956 témoins, 754 cas de cancer du rectum et 954 témoins), cette étude évalue l'association entre des polymorphismes à simple nucléotide des gènes IL3, IL6R, IL8, IL15, et le risque de cancer du côlon et du rectum, ainsi que la survie globale

Interleukin genes and associations with colon and rectal cancer risk and overall survival
• International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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A partir des données de deux études en population (1 555 cas de cancer du côlon et 1 956 témoins, 754 cas de cancer du rectum et 954 témoins), cette étude évalue l'association entre des polymorphismes à simple nucléotide des gènes IL3, IL6R, IL8, IL15, et le risque de cancer du côlon et du rectum, ainsi que la survie globale

“Interleukin genes and associations with colon and rectal cancer risk and overall survival”

• Bondurant, Kristina L.;Lundgreen, Abbie;Herrick, Jennifer S.;Kadlubar, Susan;Wolff, Roger K.;Slattery, Martha L.

Interleukins are a group of cytokines that contribute to growth and differentiation, cell migration, and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses by the immune system. In this study we examined genetic variation in genes from various anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory interleukins to determine association with colon and rectal cancer risk and overall survival. Data from two population-based incident studies of colon cancer (1555 cases and 1956 controls) and rectal cancer (754 cases and 954 controls) were utilized. After controlling for multiple comparisons, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from four genes, IL3, IL6R, IL8, IL15, were associated with increased colon cancer risk and CXCR1, and CXCR2 were significantly associated with increased rectal cancer risk. Only SNPs from genes within the IL-8 pathway (IL8, CXCR1, and CXCR2) showed a significant association with both colon and rectal cancer risk. Several SNPs interacted significantly with IL8 and IFNG SNPs and with ...

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Etiologie (Facteurs endogènes)

Interactions gènes-environnement

Menée en Chine, cette étude (220 cas et 220 témoins) analyse les différents facteurs de risque, familiaux et environnementaux, du myélome multiple

Risk factors for multiple myeloma: A hospital-based case–control study in Northwest China
• Cancer Epidemiology, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée en Chine, cette étude (220 cas et 220 témoins) analyse les différents facteurs de risque, familiaux et environnementaux, du myélome multiple

“Risk factors for multiple myeloma: A hospital-based case–control study in Northwest China”

• Wang, Qixia;Wang, Yiwei;Ji, Zhaohua;Chen, Xiequn;Pan, Yaozhu;Gao, Guangxun;Gu, Hongtao;Yang, Yang;Choi, Bernard C. K.;Yan, Yongping

Background The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of multiple myeloma (MM) suggests that both family history and environmental factors may contribute to its development. Methods A hospital-based case–control study consisting of 220 confirmed MM cases and 220 individually matched patient controls, by sex, age and hospital was carried out at 5 major hospitals in Northwest China. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographics, family history, and the frequency of food items consumed. Results Based on multivariate analysis, a significant association between the risk of MM and family history of cancers in first degree relatives was observed (OR = 4.03, 95% CI: 2.50–6.52). Fried food, cured/smoked food, black tea, and fish were not significantly associated with the risk of MM. Intake of shallot and garlic (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.85), soy food (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36–0.75) and green tea (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: ...

Mots clés : Myélome multiple et maladies immunoprolifératives; Etiologie (Interactions gènes-environnement)

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude (377 cas et 448 témoins) évalue la relation entre des variants des gènes associés au métabolisme et au transport des xénobiotiques, des expositions à des produits chimiques domestiques, et le risque de leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë chez l'enfant

Variation in xenobiotic transport and metabolism genes, household chemical exposures, and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Cancer Causes and Control, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude (377 cas et 448 témoins) évalue la relation entre des variants des gènes associés au métabolisme et au transport des xénobiotiques, des expositions à des produits chimiques domestiques, et le risque de leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë chez l'enfant

“Variation in xenobiotic transport and metabolism genes, household chemical exposures, and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia”

• Chokkalingam, Anand;Metayer, Catherine;Scelo, Ghislaine;Chang, Jeffrey;Urayama, Kevin;Aldrich, Melinda;Guha, Neela;Hansen, Helen;Dahl, Gary;Barcellos, Lisa;Wiencke, John;Wiemels, Joseph;Buffler, Patricia

Background Recent studies suggest that environmental exposures to pesticides, tobacco, and other xenobiotic chemicals may increase risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We sought to evaluate the role of genes involved in xenobiotic transport and metabolism in childhood ALL risk, both alone and in conjunction with household chemical exposures previously found to be associated with childhood ALL risk. Methods We conducted a population-based epidemiologic study of 377 cases and 448 controls in California, utilizing a haplotype-based approach to evaluate 42 xenobiotic transport and metabolism genes in conjunction with data on self-reported household chemical exposures. Results We identified significant associations of childhood ALL risk with haplotypes of ABCB1 , ARNT , CYP2C8 , CYP1A2 , CYP1B1 , and IDH1 . In addition, certain haplotypes showed significant joint effects with self-reported household chemical exposures on risk of childhood ALL. Specifically, elevated risks ...