Prévention

Menée sur des rats présentant des lésions précancéreuses du côlon induites par le1,2-diméthylhydrazine, cette étude montre que la consommation d'huile de poisson peut améliorer le profil lipidique des tissus hépatiques et adipeux et réduire le niveau d'expression de cytokines de l'inflammation

• Fish Oil Improves the Lipid Profile and Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines in Wistar Rats With Precancerous Colon Lesions
  • Nutrition and Cancer, Vol. 64 (4), pp. 569-579, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée sur des rats présentant des lésions précancéreuses du côlon induites par le1,2-diméthylhydrazine, cette étude montre que la consommation d'huile de poisson peut améliorer le profil lipidique des tissus hépatiques et adipeux et réduire le niveau d'expression de cytokines de l'inflammation

  “Fish Oil Improves the Lipid Profile and Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines in Wistar Rats With Precancerous Colon Lesions”

  • Rosa, Damiana Diniz;Lourenço, Fabíola Cesário;da Fonseca, Ana Carolina Machado;de Sales, Regiane Lopes;Ribeiro, Sônia Machado Rocha;Neves, Clóvis Andrade;Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia

  A fatty diet is regarded as one of the most important risk factors related to the etiology of colorectal cancer, and this effect is linked to the quantity and principal types of fatty acids consumed. In this study, the chemopreventive effects of different oils on rats were investigated. Forty Wistar rats received 1,2-dimetilhidrazine (DMH) and were divided into 4 groups fed normal lipid diets to which 4% olive, fish, flaxseed, or soybean oils (control) were added. The group fed with fish oil presented higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid in hepatic tissue and greater levels of linolenic acid and EPA in adipose tissue compared to the other treatments. In the proximal portion of the colon, lower levels of aberrant crypt foci were found in the fish and flaxseed oil groups; however, this behavior was not observed in the middle and distal regions. Via a benchmarking method, the fish oil group showed a greater transforming growth factor ? expression and ...

  
  

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'activation du récepteur nucléaire PPAR-gamma des adipocytes du stroma mammaire peut réduire la tumorigenèse du sein

• Stromal Adipocyte PPARγ Protects Against Breast Tumorigenesis
  • Carcinogenesis, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'activation du récepteur nucléaire PPAR-gamma des adipocytes du stroma mammaire peut réduire la tumorigenèse du sein

  “Stromal Adipocyte PPARγ Protects Against Breast Tumorigenesis”

  • Skelhorne-Gross, Graham;Reid, Alexis;Apostoli, Anthony;Di Lena, Michael;Rubino, Rachel;Peterson, Nichole;Schneider, Mark;SenGupta, Sandip;Gonzalez, Frank;Nicol, Christopher

  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ regulates the expression of genes essential for fat storage, primarily through its activity in adipocytes. It also has a role in carcinogenesis. PPARγ normally stops the in vivo progression of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-mediated breast tumors as revealed with PPARγ haploinsufficient mice. Since many cell types associated with the mammary gland express PPARγ, each with unique signal patterns, the present study aimed to define which tissues are required for PPARγ-dependent anti-tumor effects. Accordingly, adipocyte-specific PPARγ knockout (PPARγ-A KO) mice and their wild-type (PPARγ-WT) controls were generated, and treated with DMBA for six weeks to initiate breast tumorigenesis. On week 7, mice were randomized to continue on normal chow diet or one supplemented with rosiglitazone (ROSI), and followed for 25 weeks for tumor outcomes. In PPARγ-A KOs versus PPARγ-WT mice, malignant mammary tumor incidence was ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que les sphingosines ont un effet chimiopréventif sur la tumorigenèse du côlon en inhibant la signalisation Wnt par un mécanisme impliquant la voie PP2A/Akt/GSK3β

• Chemopreventive sphingadienes downregulate Wnt signaling via a PP2A/Akt/GSK3β pathway in colon cancer
  • Carcinogenesis, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que les sphingosines ont un effet chimiopréventif sur la tumorigenèse du côlon en inhibant la signalisation Wnt par un mécanisme impliquant la voie PP2A/Akt/GSK3β

  “Chemopreventive sphingadienes downregulate Wnt signaling via a PP2A/Akt/GSK3β pathway in colon cancer”

  • Kumar, Ashok;Pandurangan, Ashok;Lu, Fang;Fyrst, Henrik;Zhang, Meng;Byun, Hoe-Sup;Bittman, Robert;Saba, Julie

  Sphingadienes derived from soy and other natural sphingolipids are cytotoxic to colon cancer cells via an Akt-dependent mechanism and reduce adenoma formation in ApcMin/+ mice. Wnt signaling is fundamental to colon carcinogenesis and is the basis for spontaneous tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice and patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. In the present study, we investigated the impact of sphingadienes on Wnt signaling. Oral sphingadiene administration reduced levels of active β-catenin and Wnt targets c-Myc and cyclin D1 in ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tissues. Colon cancer cells treated with sphingadienes exhibited reduced Wnt transcriptional activity, as well as reduced nuclear β-catenin localization and subsequent reduction in active-β-catenin levels. Further, we observed a decrease in phosphorylated (inactive) GSK3β in sphingadiene-treated mice and colon cancer cells. Expression of constitutively active myristoylated-Akt or inactivation of GSK3β using LiCl attenuated ...

  
  

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Cet article fait le point sur les connaissances récentes concernant les effets du resvératrol (un polyphénol présent dans certains fruits) sur la régulation de biomolécules impliquées dans les processus tumoraux, en particulier des facteurs de transcription

• The Anticancer Effects of Resveratrol : Modulation of Transcription Factors
  • Nutrition and Cancer, Vol. 64 (4), pp. 493-502, 2012 (résumé)
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  Cet article fait le point sur les connaissances récentes concernant les effets du resvératrol (un polyphénol présent dans certains fruits) sur la régulation de biomolécules impliquées dans les processus tumoraux, en particulier des facteurs de transcription

  “The Anticancer Effects of Resveratrol : Modulation of Transcription Factors”

  • Whitlock, Nichelle C.;Baek, Seung Joon

  Resveratrol (3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring phytoalexin readily available in the diet, is reported to possess both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in several cancers. However, despite the identification of numerous molecular targets, the underlying mechanisms involved in the anticancer activities of resveratrol are not completely understood. Resveratrol is postulated to function as a potential signaling pathway modulator and, as such, is demonstrated to affect a multitude of signal transduction pathways associated with tumorigenesis and/or carcinogenesis; it is likely that this collective activity, rather than just a single effect, may play an important role in the anticancer properties of resveratrol. Since transcription factors control the expression of many genes, the elucidation of molecular targets of resveratrol involved in transcriptional regulation is necessary to better understand how this dietary phytochemical affects chemopreventive ...

  
  

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Menée à Los Angeles sur 399 élèves de l'école primaire, cette étude évalue l'influence d'un programme d'éducation nutritionnelle sur leurs connaissances alimentaires, leurs attitudes et leurs comportements vis-à-vis de la consommation de fruits et légumes

• Evaluation of a School-based Multicomponent Nutrition Education Program to Improve Young Children's Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
  • Journal of nutrition education and behavior, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée à Los Angeles sur 399 élèves de l'école primaire, cette étude évalue l'influence d'un programme d'éducation nutritionnelle sur leurs connaissances alimentaires, leurs attitudes et leurs comportements vis-à-vis de la consommation de fruits et légumes

  “Evaluation of a School-based Multicomponent Nutrition Education Program to Improve Young Children's Fruit and Vegetable Consumption”

  • Prelip, Michael;Kinsler, Janni;Le Thai, Chan;Erausquin, Jennifer Toller;Slusser, Wendelin

  To assess the impact of a multicomponent nutrition education program on student knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs). Quasi-experimental pretest/posttest research design; 3 study conditions (Intervention+, Intervention, Comparison). Six schools from the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). Three hundred ninety-nine low-income third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students. The Intervention+ condition included 4 components: traditional Network–LAUSD program, new standardized nutrition curriculum, teacher training workshops, and parent nutrition education workshops. The Intervention condition included 2 components: traditional Network–LAUSD program and teacher training workshops. Fruit and vegetable consumption, knowledge of food groups, attitudes and beliefs toward FVs, and parent/teacher influence on students’ attitudes toward FVs. Linear mixed models. The Intervention+ resulted in a positive change in knowledge (P < .05), ...

  
  

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Ressources et infrastructures (Prévention))