Prévention

Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès de 6 553 adolescents japonais âgés de 13 à 18 ans, cette étude analyse l'influence du tabagisme des parents et du meilleur ami dans l'initiation et le sevrage tabagiques des adolescents

• Smoking of Parents and Best Friend—Independent and Combined Effects on Adolescent Smoking and Intention to Initiate and Quit Smoking
  • Nicotine & Tobacco Research, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée à partir d'une enquête auprès de 6 553 adolescents japonais âgés de 13 à 18 ans, cette étude analyse l'influence du tabagisme des parents et du meilleur ami dans l'initiation et le sevrage tabagiques des adolescents

  “Smoking of Parents and Best Friend—Independent and Combined Effects on Adolescent Smoking and Intention to Initiate and Quit Smoking”

  • Mak, Kwok-Kei;Ho, Sai-Yin;Day, Jeffrey R.

  Introduction: This study investigates the independent and combined effects of smoking of parents and best friend on smoking and the intention to initiate or quit smoking in adolescents.Methods: In this school-based survey, 6,553 Hong Kong students aged 13–18 reported their demographic characteristics, smoking status of themselves, parents, and best friend; and intention to smoke (initiation among never-smokers and reinitiation among ex-smokers) or quit smoking among current smokers. Logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of student smoking (current/ever) and intention to smoke or quit smoking for parental (paternal/maternal/both parents vs. none) and best friend (yes vs. no) smoking.Results: Parental smoking and having a smoking best friend were associated with adolescent current smoking, ever smoking, and intention to initiate smoking. Having a smoking best friend was also associated with reinitiating and quitting smoking. The AORs (95% CI) of current smoking for ...

  
  

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée à partir d'un questionnaire auprès de 557 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et de 536 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de fibres alimentaires et le risque de cancer du sein en fonction du statut ménopausique et de l'expression tumorale du récepteur aux estrogènes

• Dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer by menopausal and estrogen receptor status
  • European Journal of Nutrition, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée à partir d'un questionnaire auprès de 557 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et de 536 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de fibres alimentaires et le risque de cancer du sein en fonction du statut ménopausique et de l'expression tumorale du récepteur aux estrogènes

  “Dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer by menopausal and estrogen receptor status”

  • Li, Qian;Holford, Theodore;Zhang, Yawei;Boyle, Peter;Mayne, Susan;Dai, Min;Zheng, Tongzhang

  Purpose Evaluate the hypothesis that relation of breast cancer associated with dietary fiber intakes varies by type of fiber, menopausal, and the tumor’s hormone receptor status. Methods A case–control study of female breast cancer was conducted in Connecticut. A total of 557 incident breast cancer cases and 536 age frequency-matched controls were included in the analysis. Information on dietary intakes was collected through in-person interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and was converted into nutrient intakes. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. Results Among pre-menopausal women, higher intake of soluble fiber (highest versus lowest quartile of intake) was associated with a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.15–0.97, P trend = 0.08). When further restricted to pre-menopausal women with ER − tumors, the adjusted OR for the highest quartile of intake was 0.15 ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Menée sur une cohorte de 90 296 Japonais âgés de 45 à 74 ans, cette étude prospective montre que la consommation de poissons et d'acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 réduit le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire

• Consumption of n-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Reduces Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  • Gastroenterology, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée sur une cohorte de 90 296 Japonais âgés de 45 à 74 ans, cette étude prospective montre que la consommation de poissons et d'acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 réduit le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire

  “Consumption of n-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Reduces Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma”

  • Sawada, Norie;Inoue, Manami;Iwasaki, Motoki;Sasazuki, Shizuka;Shimazu, Taichi;Yamaji, Taiki;Takashi, Ribeka;Tanaka, Yasuhito;Mizokami, Masashi;Tsugane, Shoichiro

  Fish is a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Although consumption of fish and n-3 PUFA has been reported to protect against development of some types of cancer, little is known about its association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the association between fish and n-3 PUFA consumption and HCC incidence (n=398) in a population-based prospective cohort study of 90,296 Japanese subjects (45–74 years old). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs the lowest quintile were estimated from multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. We also conducted subanalyses of subjects with known hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) status, and of subjects that were anti-HCV and/or HB surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive. All tests of statistical significance were 2-sided. Among all subjects, consumption of n-3 ...

  
  

Mots clés : Foie; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Menée sur 240 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et sur 246 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre les niveaux urinaires en titane et vanadium, deux oligo-éléments essentiels, et le risque de développer la maladie

• Urinary Titanium and Vanadium and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study
  • Nutrition and Cancer, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée sur 240 patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et sur 246 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre les niveaux urinaires en titane et vanadium, deux oligo-éléments essentiels, et le risque de développer la maladie

  “Urinary Titanium and Vanadium and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study”

  • Tang, L. Y.;Su, Y.;He, J. R.;Chen, W. Q.;Su, F. X.;Wu, B. H.;Lin, Y.;Ren, Z. F.

  Titanium and vanadium are essential trace elements. This study examined the associations of urinary titanium and vanadium with breast cancer risk in a hospital-based case-control study comprising 240 women with incident breast cancer, and 246 cancer-free and age-matched controls who attended health screening assessments in 2 affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou between October 2009 and July 2010. Survey data and urine specimens were collected before treatment for the patients and after interview for the controls. The urinary concentrations of titanium and vanadium were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Women in the second and the highest tertile of vanadium showed 64% and 40% decreased risk of breast cancer, respectively, when compared with those in the lowest tertile after adjustment for established risk factors of breast cancer (ORs [95%CI]: 0.36 [0.21-0.60] and 0.60 [0.37-0.97], respectively). In contrast, urinary titanium was not ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Mené sur 659 participants fumant plus de 10 cigarettes par jour et âgés de 18 à 75 ans (durée de suivi : 24 semaines), cet essai international randomisé évalue l'efficacité et la toxicité de la varénicline pour aider les patients à arrêter de fumer selon une programmation plus souple que celle d'un sevrage tabagique sans pharmacothérapie

• A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Varenicline for Smoking Cessation Allowing Flexible Quit Dates
  • Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Vol. 14 (3), pp. 343-350, 2012 (résumé)
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  Mené sur 659 participants fumant plus de 10 cigarettes par jour et âgés de 18 à 75 ans (durée de suivi : 24 semaines), cet essai international randomisé évalue l'efficacité et la toxicité de la varénicline pour aider les patients à arrêter de fumer selon une programmation plus souple que celle d'un sevrage tabagique sans pharmacothérapie

  “A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Varenicline for Smoking Cessation Allowing Flexible Quit Dates”

  • Rennard, Stephen;Hughes, John;Cinciripini, Paul M.;Kralikova, Eva;Raupach, Tobias;Arteaga, Carmen;St Aubin, Lisa B.;Russ, Cristina

  Introduction: Current smoking cessation guidelines recommend setting a quit date prior to starting pharmacotherapy. However, providing flexibility in the date of quitting may be more acceptable to some smokers. The objective of this study was to compare varenicline 1 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) with placebo in subjects using a flexible quit date paradigm after starting medication.Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled international study, smokers of ≥10 cigarettes/day, aged 18–75 years, and who were motivated to quit were randomized (3:1) to receive varenicline 1 mg b.i.d. or placebo for 12 weeks. Subjects were followed up through Week 24. Subjects were instructed to quit between Days 8 and 35 after starting medication. The primary endpoint was carbon monoxide–confirmed continuous abstinence during Weeks 9–12, and a key secondary endpoint was continuous abstinence during Weeks 9–24.Results: Overall, 493 subjects were randomized to varenicline and 166 to ...

  
  

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Ressources et infrastructures (Prévention))

Menée en 2010 à partir d'un questionnaire auprès de 439 étudiants en médecine, cette étude italienne évalue leurs connaissances vis-à-vis du tabagisme et des traitements destinés à supprimer la dépendance au tabac

• Cigarette Smoking Knowledge and Perceptions Among Students in Four Italian Medical Schools
  • Nicotine & Tobacco Research, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)
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  Menée en 2010 à partir d'un questionnaire auprès de 439 étudiants en médecine, cette étude italienne évalue leurs connaissances vis-à-vis du tabagisme et des traitements destinés à supprimer la dépendance au tabac

  “Cigarette Smoking Knowledge and Perceptions Among Students in Four Italian Medical Schools”

  • Grassi, Maria Caterina;Chiamulera, Christian;Baraldo, Massimo;Culasso, Franco;Ferketich, Amy K.;Raupach, Tobias;Patrono, Carlo;Nencini, Paolo

  Introduction : Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of premature death in the developed world. Advice and assistance by physicians help smokers quit, but little attention has been paid to the topic of tobacco dependence in the curricula of Italian medical schools. Consequently, few physicians follow the clinical practice guidelines for treating dependence.Methods: This study was conducted on 439 students at 4 Italian medical schools in 2010. Students were asked to complete a 60-item questionnaire. Two scores were computed: Score 1 assessed knowledge of the epidemiology of smoking, risks associated with smoking, and benefits of cessation. Score 2 assessed knowledge of tobacco dependence treatment guidelines and the effectiveness of treatments. A score of less than 60% indicated insufficient knowledge.Results: Medical students had limited knowledge of the epidemiology of smoking, attributable morbidity and mortality, and the benefits of cessation. This limited knowledge was reflected by ...

  
  

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Ressources et infrastructures (Prévention))