Prévention

Comportements individuels

Menée sur une cohorte de 1 936 ex-fumeurs récents, cette étude internationale (Australie, Canada, Royaume-Uni, Etas-Unis) analyse l'association entre des messages anti-tabac apposés sur les paquets de cigarettes et le risque de rechute tabagique

Cigarette packet warning labels can prevent relapse : findings from the International Tobacco Control 4-Country policy evaluation cohort study
• Tobacco Control, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée sur une cohorte de 1 936 ex-fumeurs récents, cette étude internationale (Australie, Canada, Royaume-Uni, Etas-Unis) analyse l'association entre des messages anti-tabac apposés sur les paquets de cigarettes et le risque de rechute tabagique

“Cigarette packet warning labels can prevent relapse : findings from the International Tobacco Control 4-Country policy evaluation cohort study”

• Partos, Timea Reka;Borland, Ron;Yong, Hua-H;Thrasher, James;Hammond, David

Objectives To investigate the links between health warning labels (WLs) on cigarette packets and relapse among recently quit smokers.Design Prospective longitudinal cohort survey.Setting Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA.Participants 1936 recent ex-smokers (44.4% male) from one of the first six waves (2002–2007) of the International Tobacco Control 4-Country policy evaluation survey, who were followed up in the next wave.Main outcome measures Whether participants had relapsed at follow-up (approximately 1 year later).Results In multivariate analysis, very frequent noticing of WLs among ex-smokers was associated with greater relapse 1 year later (OR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.09, p<0.01), but this effect disappeared after controlling for urges to smoke and self-efficacy (OR: 1.29, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.80, p=0.135). In contrast, reporting that WLs make staying quit ‘a lot’ more likely (compared with ‘not at all’ likely) was associated with a lower likelihood of relapse ...

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Nutrition et prévention

Cette étude de cohorte multiethnique évalue l'association entre des niveaux sériques de caroténoïdes et le risque de lymphome non hodgkinien (271 cas et 538 témoins)

Prediagnostic circulating carotenoid levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Multiethnic Cohort
• Blood, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Cette étude de cohorte multiethnique évalue l'association entre des niveaux sériques de caroténoïdes et le risque de lymphome non hodgkinien (271 cas et 538 témoins)

“Prediagnostic circulating carotenoid levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Multiethnic Cohort”

• Ollberding, Nicholas J.;Maskarinec, Gertraud;Conroy, Shannon M.;Morimoto, Yukiko;Franke, Adrian A.;Cooney, Robert V.;Wilkens, Lynne R.;Le Marchand, Loïc;Goodman, Marc T.;Hernandez, Brenda Y.;Henderson, Brian E.;Kolonel, Laurence N.

Given the lower risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with a diet rich in fruits and vegetables observed in several, but not all, previous reports, this analysis examined the association of NHL with prediagnostic circulating levels of carotenoids found in these food groups. We conducted a nested case-control within the Multiethnic Cohort with 271 NHL cases and 538 controls matched on sex, ethnicity, location (Hawaii or Los Angeles), birth year, date and time of blood draw, and hours fasting prior to blood draw. Serum carotenoid levels were obtained by high pressure liquid chromatography/photodiode-array detection. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for the risk of NHL according to tertiles of serum carotenoids and trend tests using continuous variables. Higher total serum carotenoids (ORT3 vs. T1=0.66 [0.46-0.96]; Ptrend=0.02), lycopene (OR=0.54 [0.38-0.78]; Ptrend=0.003), and α-cryptoxanthin (OR=0.53 [0.36-0.78]; Ptrend=0.003) were ...

Mots clés : Lymphome; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Menée sur 477 312 participants de la cohorte "EPIC-EURGAST" dont 683 cas de cancer de l'estomac (âge : 35 à 70 ans ; durée de suivi : 11 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits et de légumes et le risque d'adénocarcinome gastrique

Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: A reanalysis of the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study after a longer follow-up
• International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée sur 477 312 participants de la cohorte "EPIC-EURGAST" dont 683 cas de cancer de l'estomac (âge : 35 à 70 ans ; durée de suivi : 11 ans), cette étude évalue l'association entre la consommation de fruits et de légumes et le risque d'adénocarcinome gastrique

“Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: A reanalysis of the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study after a longer follow-up”

• Gonzalez, Carlos A.;Lujan-Barroso, Leila;de Mesquita, H. Bas Bueno;Jenab, Mazda;Duell, Eric J.;Agudo, Antonio;Tjønneland, Anne;Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine;Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise;Touillaud, Marina;Teucher, Birgit;Kaaks, Rudolf;Boeing, Heiner;Steffen, Annika;Trichopoulou, Antonia;Roukos, Dimitrios;Karapetyan, Tina;Palli, Domenico;Tagliabue, Giovanna;Mattiello, Amalia;Tumino, Rosario;Ricceri, Fulvio;Siersema, Peter D.;Numans, Mattijs E.;Peeters, Petra P. H.;Parr, Christine L.;Skeie, Guri;Lund, Eiliv;Quirós, J. Ramón;Sánchez-Cantalejo, Emilio;Navarro, Carmen;Barricarte, Aurelio;Dorronsoro, Miren;Ehrnström, Roy;Regner, Sara;Khaw, Kay-Tee;Wareham, Nick;Key, Timothy J.;Crowe, Francesca L.;Blaker, Hendrik;Romieu, Isabelle;Riboli, Elio

In a previous European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) analysis, we found an inverse association between total intake of vegetables, onion and garlic, and risk of intestinal gastric cancer (GC) and between citrus fruit and risk of cardia GC. The aim of this study is to reanalyze the effect of fruit and vegetables (F&V), based on a longer follow-up and twice the number of GC cases. Subjects are 477,312 men and women mostly aged 35 to 70 years participating in the EPIC cohort, including 683 gastric adenocarcinomas with 11 years of follow-up. Information on diet and lifestyle was collected at baseline. A calibration study in a subsample was used to correct for dietary measurement errors. When comparing the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake, we found an inverse association between total intake of V&F and GC risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–1.04; p for trend 0.02], between fresh fruit and risk of the diffuse type (HR 0.59; 95% ...

Mots clés : Estomac; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Chimioprévention

Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'aspirine active la protéine kinase AMPK et suggère que cette activation peut expliquer les effets bénéfiques de la molécule chez l'homme

The Ancient Drug Salicylate Directly Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
• Science, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée in vitro et à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude montre que l'aspirine active la protéine kinase AMPK et suggère que cette activation peut expliquer les effets bénéfiques de la molécule chez l'homme

“The Ancient Drug Salicylate Directly Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase”

• Hawley, Simon A.;Fullerton, Morgan D.;Ross, Fiona A.;Schertzer, Jonathan D.;Chevtzoff, Cyrille;Walker, Katherine J.;Peggie, Mark W.;Zibrova, Darya;Green, Kevin A.;Mustard, Kirsty J.;Kemp, Bruce E.;Sakamoto, Kei;Steinberg, Gregory R.;Hardie, D. Grahame

Salicylate, a plant product, has been in medicinal use since ancient times. More recently, it has been replaced by synthetic derivatives such as aspirin and salsalate, both rapidly broken down to salicylate in vivo. At concentrations reached in plasma following administration of salsalate, or aspirin at high doses, salicylate activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Salicylate binds at the same site as the synthetic activator, A-769662, to cause allosteric activation and inhibition of dephosphorylation of the activating phosphorylation site, Thr172. In AMPK knockout mice, effects of salicylate to increase fat utilization and lower plasma fatty acids in vivo were lost. Our results suggest that AMPK activation could explain some beneficial effects of salsalate and aspirin in humans.

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Politiques et programmes de prévention

A partir d'enquêtes menées auprès de 777 résidents turcs d'un quartier de Rotterdam ou d'Utrecht (âge : 18 à 60 ans), cette étude évalue la portée et l'efficacité d'un programme communautaire anti-tabac

Reach and Effectiveness of a Community Program to Reduce Smoking Among Ethnic Turkish Residents in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: A Quasi-Experimental Design
• Nicotine & Tobacco Research, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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A partir d'enquêtes menées auprès de 777 résidents turcs d'un quartier de Rotterdam ou d'Utrecht (âge : 18 à 60 ans), cette étude évalue la portée et l'efficacité d'un programme communautaire anti-tabac

“Reach and Effectiveness of a Community Program to Reduce Smoking Among Ethnic Turkish Residents in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: A Quasi-Experimental Design”

• Nierkens, Vera;Kunst, Anton E.;De Vries, Hein;Voorham, Toon A. J.;Stronks, Karien

Introduction: Community interventions have been considered promising strategies to reduce smoking prevalence among ethnic minority populations. We assessed the reach and effectiveness of a community program targeted at the Turkish population in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Methods: The study had a quasi-experimental design, with 1 pretest and 1 posttest among 18- to 60-year-old Turkish residents in a district in Rotterdam (n = 388 at pretest) and in a comparison area in the city of Utrecht (n = 389 at pretest). The surveys included measures of reach and measures of effectiveness. Logistic regression analysis assessed changes in the outcome measures over time, adjusting for sex, age, and educational level.Results: At posttest, more smokers (62.5%) perceived pros of quitting, and 8.2% had quit. Compared with the comparison group, in the intervention group the changes tended to be greater, but differences were not statistically significant. Of all respondents, 61.2% recognized at least 1 ...

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Politiques et programmes de prévention)

A partir de données de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et à l'aide d'une modélisation, cette étude estime, pour 60 pays, l'effet d'un programme de politiques anti-tabac de l'OMS (MPOWER) sur la prévalence du tabagisme chez les adultes en 2020 et 2030

The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends
• Tobacco Control, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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A partir de données de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et à l'aide d'une modélisation, cette étude estime, pour 60 pays, l'effet d'un programme de politiques anti-tabac de l'OMS (MPOWER) sur la prévalence du tabagisme chez les adultes en 2020 et 2030

“The potential impact of smoking control policies on future global smoking trends”

• Méndez, David;Alshanqeety, Omar;Warner, Kenneth E

Background The authors develop projections for global smoking prevalence for the years 2020 and 2030 with and without the implementation, starting in 2010, of the WHO's recommended multipronged approach to tobacco control known as the MPOWER policy package.Methods Using data from the WHO's Global InfoBase Database and the WHO's Global Adult Tobacco Survey, the authors construct adult cigarette smoking prevalence time series for 60 countries that account for 90% of the world's smokers and 85% of the world's population. The authors then use a stock/flow model to project those countries' smoking prevalence for the years 2020 and 2030, with and without the implementation of MPOWER. The authors aggregate the results and report regional and global figures.Results The authors estimate global adult cigarette smoking prevalence in 2010 to be 23.7%. If no additional policies are set in place and the initiation and cessation rates existing in 2010 persist, the authors estimate that global ...