Prévention

Comportements individuels

Menée à partir d'observations directes et d'entretiens auprès de 144 hommes et 264 femmes fréquentant les plages belges en été 2010, cette étude analyse, 9 ans après une étude similaire, les comportements de prévention vis-à-vis de l'exposition solaire

Sunscreen use and skin protection behaviour on the Belgian beach: a comparison 9 years later
• European Journal of Cancer Prevention, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée à partir d'observations directes et d'entretiens auprès de 144 hommes et 264 femmes fréquentant les plages belges en été 2010, cette étude analyse, 9 ans après une étude similaire, les comportements de prévention vis-à-vis de l'exposition solaire

“Sunscreen use and skin protection behaviour on the Belgian beach: a comparison 9 years later”

• Devos, Steven A.;Van der Endt, Johannes D.;Broeckx, Walter;Vandaele, Mark;del Marmol, Veronique;Roseeuw, Diane;Maselis, Thomas

Public health campaigns encourage people to protect themselves against skin cancer by using sunscreens and taking other protective measures. The objective is to estimate the impact of these campaigns on the rise of awareness among the general public. This study explores the prevalence and predictors of solar protection behaviour in a sample of beachgoers and compares these results to another similar study carried out 9 years earlier (i.e. summer 2001). During the month of August 2010, a total of 408 participants (144 men and 264 women) were randomly selected on their way to the Belgian beach in the city of Ostend, Belgium. The solar protection behaviour of each participant was assessed by direct observation and an interview. The exact same questions were asked as in 2001. The general risk awareness stays the same for skin aging and skin cancer but gets higher for sunburn. When we control these results for sex, the overall higher general awareness is completely because of the higher ...

Mots clés : Peau (hors mélanome); Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée auprès de 2 409 femmes d'âge compris entre 16 et 23 ans, cette étude évalue l'association entre des comportements sexuels, des facteurs sociodémographiques et le risque d'infection par le papillomavirus humain de types 6, 11, 16 et 18 afin de développer des stratégies de vaccination efficaces

Behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors for serological and DNA evidence of HPV6, 11, 16, 18 infections
• Cancer Epidemiology, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée auprès de 2 409 femmes d'âge compris entre 16 et 23 ans, cette étude évalue l'association entre des comportements sexuels, des facteurs sociodémographiques et le risque d'infection par le papillomavirus humain de types 6, 11, 16 et 18 afin de développer des stratégies de vaccination efficaces

“Behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors for serological and DNA evidence of HPV6, 11, 16, 18 infections”

• Wiley, Dorothy J.;Masongsong, Emmanuel V.;Lu, Shuang;Heather L, Sings;Salem, Benissa;Giuliano, Anna R.;Ault, Kevin A.;Haupt, Richard M.;Brown, Darron R.

Introduction: Risk for HPV6/11/16/18 infections in young sexually active, behaviorally low-risk females is not well described and may inform public policy. Methods: To assess exposure risk for HPV/6/11/16/18 among 16–23 year old low-risk females, data for 2409 female clinical trial participants were evaluated. Baseline visit self-reported sexual, behavioral and demographic characteristics; and results from HPV genotyping and serology, and other clinical laboratory assays were analyzed. All subjects reported <5 lifetime male sexual partners and no prior abnormal cytology at baseline. Results: While 98% (2211/2255) were naïve to HPV16 or 18 and 99.6% (2246/2255) were naïve for 1–3 index HPVs, 27% (616/2255) showed antibody, DNA or both for ≥1 index HPV. While 18% (409/2255) tested HPV16- or -18-antibody- or -DNA-positive, only 2% (44/2255) tested positive for both types. Against this high background, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were uncommonly detected, ...

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée auprès de 5 519 participants, cette étude de cohorte américaine analyse les comportements tabagiques après un diagnostic de cancer du poumon ou de cancer colorectal

A snapshot of smokers after lung and colorectal cancer diagnosis
• Cancer, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée auprès de 5 519 participants, cette étude de cohorte américaine analyse les comportements tabagiques après un diagnostic de cancer du poumon ou de cancer colorectal

“A snapshot of smokers after lung and colorectal cancer diagnosis”

• Park, Elyse R.;Japuntich, Sandra J.;Rigotti, Nancy A.;Traeger, Lara;He, Yulei;Wallace, Robert B.;Malin, Jennifer L.;Zallen, Jennifer P.;Keating, Nancy L.

BACKGROUND: Continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis may adversely affect treatment effectiveness, subsequent cancer risk, and survival. The prevalence of continued smoking after cancer diagnosis is understudied. METHODS: In the multi-regional Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance cohort (lung cancer [N = 2456], colorectal cancer [N = 3063]), the authors examined smoking rates at diagnosis and 5 months after diagnosis and also study factors associated with continued smoking. RESULTS: Overall, 90.2% of patients with lung cancer and 54.8% of patients with colorectal cancer reported ever smoking. At diagnosis, 38.7% of patients with lung cancer and 13.7% of patients with colorectal cancer were smoking; whereas, 5 months after diagnosis, 14.2% of patients with lung cancer and 9.0% of patients with colorectal cancer were smoking. Factors that were associated independently with continued smoking among patients with nonmetastatic lung cancer were coverage by Medicare, other ...

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Nutrition et prévention

Cet essai évalue l'effet de la consommation d'acides gras polyinsaturés oméga-3, provenant de produits de la mer, sur le risque de développer des polypes colorectaux adénomateux ou hyperplasiques (2 141 cas et 3 166 témoins)

Dietary intake of PUFAs and colorectal polyp risk
• American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

Détails

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Cet essai évalue l'effet de la consommation d'acides gras polyinsaturés oméga-3, provenant de produits de la mer, sur le risque de développer des polypes colorectaux adénomateux ou hyperplasiques (2 141 cas et 3 166 témoins)

“Dietary intake of PUFAs and colorectal polyp risk”

• Murff, H. J.;Shrubsole, M. J.;Cai, Q.;Smalley, W. E.;Dai, Q.;Milne, G. L.;Ness, R. M.;Zheng, W.

BACKGROUND: Marine-derived n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs may reduce risk of developing colorectal cancer; however, few studies have investigated the association of n-3 PUFA intakes on colorectal polyp risk. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the associations of dietary PUFA intake on risk of colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps. DESIGN: This was a colonoscopy-based case-control study that included 3166 polyp-free control subjects, 1597 adenomatous polyp cases, and 544 hyperplastic polyp cases. Dietary PUFA intake was calculated from food-frequency questionnaires and tested for association by using unconditional logistic regression. The urinary prostaglandin E(2) metabolite, which is a biomarker of prostaglandin E(2) production, was measured in 896 participants by using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: n-6 PUFAs were not associated with adenomatous or hyperplastic polyps in either men or women. Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs were associated with ...

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Chimioprévention

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires de carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou, cette étude montre que les proanthocyanidines de pépin de raisin, des composés flavonoïdes, inhibent la progression des cellules tumorales en réduisant le niveau d'expression du récepteur du facteur de croissance épidermique et en inversant le processus de transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Inhibit the Invasiveness of Human HNSCC Cells by Targeting EGFR and Reversing the Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition
• PLoS ONE, Vol. 7 (1), pp. e31093, 2012 (article en libre accès)

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Menée sur des lignées cellulaires de carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou, cette étude montre que les proanthocyanidines de pépin de raisin, des composés flavonoïdes, inhibent la progression des cellules tumorales en réduisant le niveau d'expression du récepteur du facteur de croissance épidermique et en inversant le processus de transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse

“Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Inhibit the Invasiveness of Human HNSCC Cells by Targeting EGFR and Reversing the Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition”

• Sun, Qian;Prasad, Ram;Rosenthal, Eben;Katiyar, Santosh K.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is responsible for approximately 20,000 deaths per year in the United States. Most of the deaths are due to the metastases. To develop more effective strategies for the prevention of metastasis of HNSCC cells, we have determined the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on the invasive potential of HNSCC cell and the mechanisms underlying these effects using OSC19 cells as an in vitro model. Using cell invasion assays, we established that treatment of the OSC19 cells with GSPs resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell invasion. EGFR is over-expressed in 90% of HNSCCs and the EGFR inhibitors, erlotinib and gefitinib, are being explored as therapies for this disease. We found that GSPs treatment reduced the levels of expression of EGFR in the OSC19 cells as well as reducing the activation of NF-κB/p65, a downstream target of EGFR, and the expression of NF-κB-responsive proteins. GSPs treatment also reduced the activity of ...

Mots clés : Voies aérodigestives supérieures; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

A partir des données de 12 études (7 002 cas et 8 383 témoins), cette étude évalue l'association entre une supplémentation en vitamines et minéraux et le risque de cancers de la tête et du cou

Vitamin or mineral supplement intake and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium
• International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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A partir des données de 12 études (7 002 cas et 8 383 témoins), cette étude évalue l'association entre une supplémentation en vitamines et minéraux et le risque de cancers de la tête et du cou

“Vitamin or mineral supplement intake and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium”

• Li, Qian;Chuang, Shu-Chun;Eluf-Neto, Jose;Menezes, Ana;Matos, Elena;Koifman, Sergio;Wünsch-Filho, Victor;Fernandez, Leticia;Daudt, Alexander W.;Curado, Maria Paula;Winn, Deborah M.;Franceschi, Silvia;Herrero, Rolando;Castellsague, Xavier;Morgenstern, Hal;Zhang, Zuo-Feng;Lazarus, Philip;Muscat, Joshua;McClean, Michael;Kelsey, Karl T.;Hayes, Richard B.;Purdue, Mark P.;Schwartz, Stephen M.;Chen, Chu;Benhamou, Simone;Olshan, Andrew F.;Yu, Guopei;Schantz, Stimson;Ferro, Gilles;Brennan, Paul;Boffetta, Paolo;Hashibe, Mia

To investigate the potential role of vitamin or mineral supplementation on the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), we analyzed individual-level pooled data from 12 case–control studies (7,002 HNC cases and 8,383 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. There were a total of 2,028 oral cavity cancer, 2,465 pharyngeal cancer, 874 unspecified oral/pharynx cancer, 1,329 laryngeal cancer and 306 overlapping HNC cases. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self reported ever use of any vitamins, multivitamins, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and calcium, beta-carotene, iron, selenium and zinc supplements were assessed. We further examined frequency, duration and cumulative exposure of each vitamin or mineral when possible and stratified by smoking and drinking status. All ORs were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study center, education level, pack-years of smoking, frequency of alcohol drinking and fruit/vegetable ...

Mots clés : Voies aérodigestives supérieures; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Menée sur une lignée cellulaire humaine de cancer de la prostate, cette étude montre qu'un extrait de feuilles de goyave peut avoir un effet anti-cancer en supprimant l'activité de protéines kinases (AKT, mTOR et p70s6) impliquées dans la carcinogenèse

A Hexane Fraction of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Induces Anticancer Activity by Suppressing AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/Ribosomal p70 S6 Kinase in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
• Journal of Medical Food, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Menée sur une lignée cellulaire humaine de cancer de la prostate, cette étude montre qu'un extrait de feuilles de goyave peut avoir un effet anti-cancer en supprimant l'activité de protéines kinases (AKT, mTOR et p70s6) impliquées dans la carcinogenèse

“A Hexane Fraction of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Induces Anticancer Activity by Suppressing AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/Ribosomal p70 S6 Kinase in Human Prostate Cancer Cells”

• Ryu, N. H.;Park, K. R.;Kim, S. M.;Yun, H. M.;Nam, D.;Lee, S. G.;Jang, H. J.;Ahn, K. S.;Kim, S. H.;Shim, B. S.;Choi, S. H.;Mosaddik, A.;Cho, S. K.

Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer effects of guava leaf extracts and its fractions. The chemical compositions of the active extracts were also determined. In the present study, we set out to determine whether the anticancer effects of guava leaves are linked with their ability to suppress constitutive AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation pathways in human prostate cancer cells. We found that guava leaf hexane fraction (GHF) was the most potent inducer of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC-3 cells. The molecular mechanism or mechanisms of GHF apoptotic potential were correlated with the suppression of AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and MAPK signaling pathways. This effect of GHF correlated with down-regulation of various proteins that mediate cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Analysis of GHF by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass ...

Mots clés : Prostate; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Menée sur des lignées cellulaires humaines de cancer de l'ovaire et à l'aide d'une xénogreffe, cette étude montre que le di-indolylméthane, une phytosubstance, peut inhiber la croissance tumorale et augmenter l'effet du cisplatine en agissant sur l'expression de la protéine STAT3

Diindolylmethane suppresses ovarian cancer growth and potentiates the effect of cisplatin in tumor mouse model by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)
• BMC Medicine, Vol. 10 (1), pp. 9, 2012 (article en libre accès)

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Menée sur des lignées cellulaires humaines de cancer de l'ovaire et à l'aide d'une xénogreffe, cette étude montre que le di-indolylméthane, une phytosubstance, peut inhiber la croissance tumorale et augmenter l'effet du cisplatine en agissant sur l'expression de la protéine STAT3

“Diindolylmethane suppresses ovarian cancer growth and potentiates the effect of cisplatin in tumor mouse model by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)”

• Kandala, Prabodh;Srivastava, Sanjay

BACKGROUND:STAT-3 is activated in majority of ovarian tumors and confers resistance to cisplatin treatment in patients with ovarian cancer. We have reported previously that Diindolylmethane (DIM) inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism by which DIM induces growth suppressive effects was not yet understood and hence evaluated in this report.METHODS:Six human ovarian cancer cells and ovarian tumor xenograft animal model were used to study the effect of diindolylmethane alone or in combination of cisplatin.RESULTS:Diindolylmethane treatment induced apoptosis in all the six ovarian cancer cells. Phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr-705 and Ser-727 was reduced by DIM in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, diindolylmethane treatment inhibited nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity of STAT3. IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr-705 was significantly blocked by DIM. Overexpression of STAT3 by gene transfection blocked ...

Mots clés : Ovaire; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Menée sur une cohorte de 33 413 patients infectés par le virus de l'hépatite B, cette étude taïwanaise évalue l'association entre l'usage de statines et le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire

Statins and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection
• Journal of Clinical Oncology, sous presse, 2012 (article en libre accès)

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Menée sur une cohorte de 33 413 patients infectés par le virus de l'hépatite B, cette étude taïwanaise évalue l'association entre l'usage de statines et le risque de carcinome hépatocellulaire

“Statins and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection”

• Tsan, Yu-Tse;Lee, Chang-Hsing;Wang, Jung-Der;Chen, Pau-Chung

Purpose Statins have potential protective effects against cancers, but no studies have focused on patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the use of statins in HBV-infected patients and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Patients and Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 33,413 HBV-infected patients were included as the study cohort. Each patient was individually tracked from 1997 to 2008 to identify incident cases of HCC since 1999. Subsequent use of statin, other lipid-lowering agents, aspirin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was identified. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between the use of statins and the occurrence of HCC in the HBV-infected cohort.Results There were 1,021 HCCs in the HBV cohort during the ...

Mots clés : Foie; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle du stress dans la carcinogenèse et l'effet chimiopréventif des béta-endorphines sur la progression des cellules tumorales

Regulation of Cancer Progression by β-Endorphin Neuron
• Cancer Research, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Cet article passe en revue les études concernant le rôle du stress dans la carcinogenèse et l'effet chimiopréventif des béta-endorphines sur la progression des cellules tumorales

“Regulation of Cancer Progression by β-Endorphin Neuron”

• Sarkar, Dipak K.;Murugan, Sengottuvelan;Zhang, Changqing;Boyadjieva, Nadka

It is becoming increasingly clear that stressful life events can affect cancer growth and metastasis by modulating nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The purpose of this review is to briefly describe the process by which stress may potentiate carcinogenesis and how reducing body stress may prevent cancer growth and progression. The opioid peptide β-endorphin plays a critical role in bringing the stress axis to a state of homeostasis. We have recently shown that enhancement of endogenous levels of β-endorphin in the hypothalamus via β-endorphin neuron transplantation suppresses stress response, promotes immune function, and reduces the incidence of cancer in rat models of prostate and breast cancers. The cancer-preventive effect of β-endorphin is mediated through the suppression of sympathetic neuronal function, which results in increased peripheral natural killer cell and macrophage activities, elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced levels of inflammatory ...

Mots clés : Cancer (général); Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Ressources et infrastructures (Prévention)

Mené aux Etats-Unis sur 2 277 fumeurs d'origine chinoise, coréenne ou vietnamienne et non anglophones, cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité d'un service multilingue de conseil individuel par téléphone pour arrêter de fumer

The Effects of a Multilingual Telephone Quitline for Asian Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• Journal of the National Cancer Institute, sous presse, 2012 (résumé)

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Mené aux Etats-Unis sur 2 277 fumeurs d'origine chinoise, coréenne ou vietnamienne et non anglophones, cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité d'un service multilingue de conseil individuel par téléphone pour arrêter de fumer

“The Effects of a Multilingual Telephone Quitline for Asian Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial”

• Zhu, Shu-Hong;Cummins, Sharon E.;Wong, Shiushing;Gamst, Anthony C.;Tedeschi, Gary J.;Reyes-Nocon, Jasmine

Background Although telephone counseling services (quitlines) have become a popular behavioral intervention for smoking cessation in the United States, such services are scarce for Asian immigrants with limited English proficiency. In this study, we tested the effects of telephone counseling for smoking cessation in Chinese-, Korean-, and Vietnamese-speaking smokers.Methods A culturally tailored counseling protocol was developed in English and translated into Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese. We conducted a single randomized trial embedded in the California quitline service. Smokers who called the quitline’s Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese telephone lines between August 2, 2004, and April 4, 2008, were recruited to the trial. Subjects (N = 2277) were stratified by language and randomly assigned to telephone counseling (self-help materials and up to six counseling sessions; n = 1124 subjects) or self-help (self-help materials only; n = 1153 subjects) groups: 729 Chinese subjects ...
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Interventions: A Cancer Prevention Imperative
• Journal of the National Cancer Institute, sous presse, 2012 (éditorial)

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Mené aux Etats-Unis sur 2 277 fumeurs d'origine chinoise, coréenne ou vietnamienne et non anglophones, cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité d'un service multilingue de conseil individuel par téléphone pour arrêter de fumer

“Enhancing the Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Interventions: A Cancer Prevention Imperative”

• Alberg, Anthony J. ; Carpenter, Matthew J.
Multilingual Telephone Quitline Effective for Asian Smokers
• Journal of the National Cancer Institute, sous presse, 2012 (communiqué de presse)

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Mené aux Etats-Unis sur 2 277 fumeurs d'origine chinoise, coréenne ou vietnamienne et non anglophones, cet essai randomisé évalue l'efficacité d'un service multilingue de conseil individuel par téléphone pour arrêter de fumer

“Multilingual Telephone Quitline Effective for Asian Smokers”