Prévention

Menée en Angleterre, cette étude évalue le recours spontané au dépistage individuel du cancer du sein par des femmes agées de plus de 70 ans, et l'intérêt d'étendre le dépistage organisé au-delà de 70 ans

• Screening outcomes in women over age 70 who self-refer in the NHSBSP in England
  • J Med Screen, Vol. 18 (2), pp. 91-95, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée en Angleterre, cette étude évalue le recours spontané au dépistage individuel du cancer du sein par des femmes agées de plus de 70 ans, et l'intérêt d'étendre le dépistage organisé au-delà de 70 ans

  “Screening outcomes in women over age 70 who self-refer in the NHSBSP in England”

  • Bennett, R L;Moss, S M

  SettingThe NHS breast screening programme (NHSBSP) in England currently invites women aged 50-70 every three years. Whilst screening is acknowledged as efficacious for women aged 50-69, several countries routinely invite women up to the age of 74. The NHSBSP in England is beginning to invite women up to the age of 73. Although the incidence of breast cancer increases with age, the possible benefits of screening older women must be balanced against shorter life expectancies and possible overdiagnosis. In England women can self-refer after reaching the invitation upper age limit. Objective We examined the extent to which older women in England self-referred over a three-year period and studied the screening outcomes in these women. MethodsRoutinely collected data from screening units in England were used to calculate screening performance measures for women who self-referred between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2008. The tumour characteristics of all screen-detected cancers were examined ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée auprès de 313 patients ayant survécu à un mélanome, cette étude américaine évalue leur adhésion aux recommandations cliniques concernant la protection de la peau et au dépistage de cancers dermatologiques

• Skin care behaviors among melanoma survivors
  • Psycho-Oncology, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée auprès de 313 patients ayant survécu à un mélanome, cette étude américaine évalue leur adhésion aux recommandations cliniques concernant la protection de la peau et au dépistage de cancers dermatologiques

  “Skin care behaviors among melanoma survivors”

  • Bowen, Deborah;Jabson, Jennifer;Haddock, Nicole;Hay, Jennifer;Edwards, Karen

  Abstract Introduction Clinical recommendations for survivors of melanoma generally include skin care behaviors, including regular physician and skin self-examination to identify any recurrences or second primary disease early, as well as sun protection. We measured skin care behaviors in a population-based sample of melanoma survivors. Methods Melanoma survivors were approached through the regional National Cancer Institute-funded cancer registry (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) and recruited to this study with a response rate of approximately 75%, for a total sample of n = 313. Results The sample was 99% Caucasian, 56% female, 44% male, 81% married, 62% college educated, and 48% with an income over 70 K annually, with an average age of 56 years. Over the last 7 days, a total of 45% reported wearing sunscreen, 59% reported wearing long sleeves, 80% reported wearing pants, 35% reported wearing something on the head, and 36% stayed in available shade. Skin ...

  
  

Mots clés : Mélanome; Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menées auprès de 4 735 participants agés de 12 à 18 ans, deux études américaines évaluent leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des scènes de tabagisme au cinéma et l'impact de celles-ci sur leurs comportements tabagiques

• The reciprocal relationships between changes in adolescent perceived prevalence of smoking in movies and progression of smoking status
  • Tobacco Control, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menées auprès de 4 735 participants agés de 12 à 18 ans, deux études américaines évaluent leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des scènes de tabagisme au cinéma et l'impact de celles-ci sur leurs comportements tabagiques

  “The reciprocal relationships between changes in adolescent perceived prevalence of smoking in movies and progression of smoking status”

  • Choi, Kelvin;Forster, Jean;Erickson, Darin;Lazovich, DeAnn;Southwell, Brian G

  Background Smoking in movies is associated with adolescent smoking worldwide. To date, studies of the association mostly are restricted to the exposure to smoking images viewed by 9–15-year-olds. The association among older adolescents is rarely examined. In addition, the reciprocal effect of smoking behaviour on subsequent reported exposure to smoking in movies has not been reported.Methods Data were from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study collected every 6 months from 2000 to 2007 when participants were between the ages of 12 and 18 (n=4745). We estimated the prospective effect of the perceived prevalence of smoking in movies (four levels, from never to most of the time) on smoking stage (SS) measured 6 months later (six stages, from never-smoker to established smoker) and the reciprocal prospective association between the two factors. Estimates were adjusted for demographic factors.Results The perceived prevalence of smoking in movies measured between ages 13½ ...

  
  
• Prevalence of Smoking in Movies As Perceived by Teenagers: Longitudinal Trends and Predictors
  • American journal of preventive medicine, Vol. 41 (2), pp. 167-173, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menées auprès de 4 735 participants agés de 12 à 18 ans, deux études américaines évaluent leurs perceptions vis-à-vis des scènes de tabagisme au cinéma et l'impact de celles-ci sur leurs comportements tabagiques

  “Prevalence of Smoking in Movies As Perceived by Teenagers: Longitudinal Trends and Predictors”

  • Choi, Kelvin ; Forster, Jean L. ; Erickson, Darin J. ; Lazovich, DeAnn ; Southwell, Brian G.

  Smoking in movies is prevalent. However, use of content analysis to describe trends in smoking in movies has provided mixed results and has not tapped what adolescents actually perceive. To assess the prospective trends in the prevalence of smoking in movies as perceived by teenagers and identify predictors associated with these trends. Using data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study collected during 2000–2006 when participants were aged between 12 and 18 years (N=4735), latent variable growth models were employed to describe the longitudinal trends in the perceived prevalence of smoking in movies using a four-level scale (never to most of the time) measured every 6 months, and examined associations between these trends and demographic, smoking-related attitudinal and socio-environmental predictors. Analysis was conducted in 2009. At baseline, about 50% of participants reported seeing smoking in movies some of the time, and another 36% reported most of the time. The ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée en Espagne auprès de 11 969 participants agés de 50 à 69 ans, cette étude analyse leurs comportements et le renouvellement de leur adhésion au programme de dépistage du cancer colorectal par le test de recherche de sang occulte dans les selles

• Repeated screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood test in Catalonia, Spain
  • European Journal of Cancer Prevention, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée en Espagne auprès de 11 969 participants agés de 50 à 69 ans, cette étude analyse leurs comportements et le renouvellement de leur adhésion au programme de dépistage du cancer colorectal par le test de recherche de sang occulte dans les selles

  “Repeated screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood test in Catalonia, Spain”

  • Garcia, Montse;Maria Borràs, Josep;Binefa, Gemma;Milà, Núria;Alfons Espinàs, Josep;Moreno, Víctor

  The objective of this study was to explore the variables associated with repeated screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals aged 50-69 years in Catalonia, Spain. We selected for the study all individuals (n=11 969) screened by a population-based CRC screening program in 2004 and who were eligible for rescreening in two years. A multilevel logistic regression model was derived. The contextual variables were the percentage of people with less than primary studies and the percentage of CRC screening participation. The individual variables used were: sex, age, CRC screening (prior to 2004), guaiac fecal occult blood test result, ease of recruitment, and number of tests used. The rescreening rate was 87%. No differences according to sex and age were found. The strongest barrier for CRC rescreening was an inconclusive fecal occult blood test result at baseline screening [odds ratio (OR): 0.24; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.20-0.29]. Individuals who agreed to participate ...

  
  

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude analyse les causes du déclin du tabagisme chez les adolescents afro-américains sur la période 1970-1990

• Causes of the Decline in Cigarette Smoking Among African American Youths From the 1970s to the 1990s
  • Am J Public Health, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude analyse les causes du déclin du tabagisme chez les adolescents afro-américains sur la période 1970-1990

  “Causes of the Decline in Cigarette Smoking Among African American Youths From the 1970s to the 1990s”

  • Oredein, Tyree;Foulds, Jonathan

  Adult cigarette smoking prevalence trends among African Americans (AAs) and Whites are similar. However, during the decline in youth smoking that occurred between the mid-1970s and the early 1990s, the drop in smoking rates among AA adolescents was more than double that among Whites. We examined the evidence for potential explanations for this phenomenon. On the basis of our findings, we propose that racial differences in parental attitudes, religious ties, negative perceptions and experiences of the health effects of smoking, worsening poverty, increased use of food stamps, and price sensitivity were major factors contributing to the more rapid decrease in and continued lower rates of smoking among AA youths. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 18, 2011:e1-e11. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300289)

  
  

Mots clés : Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude évalue, sur la période1995-2007, l'évolution et les disparités dans les comportements tabagiques des parents à leur domicile et leur impact sur le tabagisme passif des membres de la famille

• Trends in home smoking bans in the USA, 1995–2007: prevalence, discrepancies and disparities
  • Tobacco Control, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée aux Etats-Unis, cette étude évalue, sur la période1995-2007, l'évolution et les disparités dans les comportements tabagiques des parents à leur domicile et leur impact sur le tabagisme passif des membres de la famille

  “Trends in home smoking bans in the USA, 1995–2007: prevalence, discrepancies and disparities”

  • Zhang, Xiao;Martinez-Donate, Ana P;Kuo, Daphne;Jones, Nathan R;Palmersheim, Karen A

  Background Home smoking bans significantly reduce the likelihood of secondhand smoke exposure among children and non-smoking adults. The purpose of this study was to examine national trends in (1) the adoption of home smoking bans, (2) discrepancies in parental smoking ban reports and (3) household and parental correlates of home smoking bans among households with underage children from 1995 to 2007.Methods The authors used data from the 1995–1996, 1998–1999, 2001–2002, 2003 and 2006–2007 Tobacco Use Supplement of the US Current Population Survey to estimate prevalence rates and logistic regression models of parental smoking ban reports by survey period.Results Overall, the prevalence of a complete home smoking bans increased from 58.1% to 83.8% (p<0.01), while discrepancies in parental reports decreased from 12.5% to 4.6% (p<0.01) from 1995 to 2007. Households with single parent, low income, one or two current smokers, parents with less than a college education or without ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prévention (Comportements individuels)

Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'effet préventif d'une suppression de folates d'origine alimentaire sur le développement du cancer de la prostate

• Dietary folate deficiency blocks prostate cancer progression in the TRAMP model
  • Cancer Prevention Research, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée sur un modèle murin, cette étude évalue l'effet préventif d'une suppression de folates d'origine alimentaire sur le développement du cancer de la prostate

  “Dietary folate deficiency blocks prostate cancer progression in the TRAMP model”

  • Bistulfi, Gaia;Foster, Barbara A;Karasik, Ellen;Gillard, Bryan M;Miecznikowski, Jeff;Dhiman, Vineet K;Smiraglia, Dominic J

  Dietary folate is essential in all tissues to maintain several metabolite pools and cellular proliferation. Prostate cells, due to specific metabolic characteristics, have increased folate demand to support proliferation and prevent genetic and epigenetic damage. Although several studies found that dietary folate interventions can affect colon cancer biology in rodent models, impact on prostate is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary folate manipulation, possibly being of primary importance for prostate epithelial cell metabolism, could significantly affect prostate cancer (CaP) progression. Strikingly, mild dietary folate depletion arrested CaP progression in 25/26 transgenic TRAMP mice, where tumorigenesis is prostate specific and characteristically aggressive. The significant effect on CaP growth was characterized by size, grade, proliferation and apoptosis analyses. Folate supplementation had a mild, non significant beneficial effect on grade. In ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prostate; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Cette étude de cohorte prospective américaine (492 186 participants) évalue l'association entre la consommation de viande blanche et de poisson et le risque de cancer

• Prospective investigation of poultry and fish intake in relation to cancer risk
  • Cancer Prevention Research, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cette étude de cohorte prospective américaine (492 186 participants) évalue l'association entre la consommation de viande blanche et de poisson et le risque de cancer

  “Prospective investigation of poultry and fish intake in relation to cancer risk”

  • Daniel, Carrie R;Cross, Amanda J;Graubard, Barry I;Hollenbeck, Albert;Park, Yikyung;Sinha, Rashmi

  Dietary guidelines advise consumers to limit intake of red meat and choose lean protein sources, such as poultry and fish. Poultry consumption has been steadily increasing in the U.S., but the effect on cancer risk remains unclear. In a large U.S. cohort, we prospectively investigated poultry and fish intake and cancer risk across a range of malignancies in men and women. Diet was assessed at baseline (1995-1996) with a food frequency questionnaire in 492,186 participants of the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Over a mean follow-up of 9 years, we identified 74,418 incident cancer cases. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, we estimated the substitution and addition effects of white meat (poultry and fish) intake in relation to cancer risk. In substitution models with total meat intake held constant, a 10 gram (per 1,000 kilocalories) increase in white meat intake offset by an equal decrease in red meat intake was associated with a ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Menée sur 3 modèles murins, cette étude évalue l'effet préventif d'un faible niveau de vitamine D sur le développement du cancer de la prostate

• Dietary vitamin D and vitamin D receptor level modulate epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in the prostate
  • Cancer Prevention Research, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée sur 3 modèles murins, cette étude évalue l'effet préventif d'un faible niveau de vitamine D sur le développement du cancer de la prostate

  “Dietary vitamin D and vitamin D receptor level modulate epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in the prostate”

  • Kovalenko, Pavlo L;Zhang, Zhentao;Yu, Jun-Ge;Li, Yan;Clinton, Steven K;Fleet, James C

  Low vitamin D (VD) status may increase prostate cancer risk but experimental evidence for this relationship is modest. We tested whether low VD status or VD receptor (VDR) deletion influences prostate epithelial cell (PEC) biology using intact mice, castrated mice, or castrated mice treated with testosterone propionate (TP, 2.5 mg/kg BW). PEC proliferation (Ki-67 staining) and apoptosis (TUNEL method) were determined in the anterior prostate (AP). In study 1, wild-type (WT) and TgAPT121 mice (a model of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia) were fed diets with 25, 200 (reference diet), or 10000 IU VD/kg diet (as vitamin D3) prior to castration/repletion. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were 26, 78, and 237 nmol/L in the three diet groups, respectively. Castration reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in the AP while TP reversed these effects. Low VD diet increased proliferation in WT (+82%) and TgAPT121 (+24%) mice while it suppressed apoptosis in WT (-29%) and TgAPT121 (-37%) ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prostate; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

A partir des données de la cohorte EPIC, cette étude prospective incluant 45 241 participants évalue l'effet protecteur d'une consommation de produits laitiers fermentés sur le risque de cancer

• Yogurt consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in the Italian European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort
  • International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  A partir des données de la cohorte EPIC, cette étude prospective incluant 45 241 participants évalue l'effet protecteur d'une consommation de produits laitiers fermentés sur le risque de cancer

  “Yogurt consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in the Italian European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort”

  • Pala, Valeria;Sieri, Sabina;Berrino, Franco;Vineis, Paolo;Sacerdote, Carlotta;Palli, Domenico;Masala, Giovanna;Panico, Salvatore;Mattiello, Amalia;Tumino, Rosario;Giurdanella, Maria C.;Agnoli, Claudia;Grioni, Sara;Krogh, Vittorio

  Abstract Fermented dairy products like yogurt have been suggested to protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a prospective study on 45,241 (14,178 men; 31,063 women) volunteers of the EPIC-Italy cohort who completed a dietary questionnaire including specific questions on yogurt intake. During 12 years of follow-up, 289 volunteers were diagnosed with CRC. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the disease and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by dietary questionnaire and adjusted for energy intake and other potential confounders. Yogurt intake was inversely associated with CRC risk. For the energy-adjusted model, HR for CRC in the highest versus lowest tertile of yogurt intake was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.46–0.83). In the full model adjusted for energy, simple sugar, calcium, fiber, animal fat, alcohol and red meat intake, as well as body mass index, smoking, education and physical activity, HR was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.48–0.89) in the ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

A partir des données d'un registre américain du cancer et menée auprès de 1 560 participants, cette étude prospective évalue l'effet protecteur de la consommation de légumes, principalement crucifères, sur la progression du cancer de la prostate

• Vegetable and fruit intake after diagnosis and risk of prostate cancer progression
  • International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  A partir des données d'un registre américain du cancer et menée auprès de 1 560 participants, cette étude prospective évalue l'effet protecteur de la consommation de légumes, principalement crucifères, sur la progression du cancer de la prostate

  “Vegetable and fruit intake after diagnosis and risk of prostate cancer progression”

  • Richman, Erin L.;Carroll, Peter R.;Chan, June M.

  Abstract Cruciferous vegetables, tomato sauce, and legumes have been associated with reduced risk of incident advanced prostate cancer. In vitro and animal studies suggest these foods may inhibit progression of prostate cancer, but there are limited data in men. Therefore, we prospectively examined whether intake of total vegetables, and specifically cruciferous vegetables, tomato sauce, and legumes, after diagnosis reduce risk of prostate cancer progression among 1,560 men diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer and participating in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor, a United States prostate cancer registry. As a secondary analysis, we also examined other vegetable sub-groups, total fruit, and sub-groups of fruits. The participants were diagnosed primarily at community-based clinics and followed from 2004-2009. We assessed vegetable and fruit intake via a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and ascertained prostate cancer outcomes via ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prostate; Prévention (Nutrition et prévention)

Menée en population danoise, cette étude de cohorte prospective (18 769 participantes) évalue l'association entre la prise de statines et le risque de récidive de cancer du sein

• Statin Prescriptions and Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk: A Danish Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study
  • Journal of the National Cancer Institute, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée en population danoise, cette étude de cohorte prospective (18 769 participantes) évalue l'association entre la prise de statines et le risque de récidive de cancer du sein

  “Statin Prescriptions and Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk: A Danish Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study”

  • Ahern, Thomas P.;Pedersen, Lars;Tarp, Maja;Cronin-Fenton, Deirdre P.;Garne, Jens Peter;Silliman, Rebecca A.;Sørensen, Henrik Toft;Lash, Timothy L.

  Background Accumulating evidence suggests that statins affect diseases other than cardiovascular disease, including cancer, and that these effects may depend on the lipid solubility of specific statins. Though many studies have reported an association between statin use and breast cancer incidence, the relationship between statin use and breast cancer recurrence has not been well studied.Methods We conducted a nationwide, population-based prospective cohort study of all female residents in Denmark diagnosed with stage I–III invasive breast carcinoma who were reported to the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group registry between 1996 and 2003 (n = 18 769). Women were followed for a median of 6.8 years after diagnosis. Prescriptions for lipophilic and hydrophilic statins were ascertained from the national electronic pharmacy database. Associations between statin prescriptions and breast cancer recurrence were estimated with generalized linear models and Cox proportional hazards ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Cet article passe en revue le rôle de l'aspirine dans la prévention des cancers ainsi que son effet sur l'amélioration de la survie des patients après un diagnostic de cancer

• Aspirin and cancer: has aspirin been overlooked as an adjuvant therapy ?
  • Br J Cancer, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cet article passe en revue le rôle de l'aspirine dans la prévention des cancers ainsi que son effet sur l'amélioration de la survie des patients après un diagnostic de cancer

  “Aspirin and cancer: has aspirin been overlooked as an adjuvant therapy ?”

  • Langley, R. E.;Burdett, S.;Tierney, J. F.;Cafferty, F.;Parmar, M. K. B.;Venning, G.

  Aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (Cox), and there is a significant body of epidemiological evidence demonstrating that regular aspirin use is associated with a decreased incidence of developing cancer. Interest focussed on selective Cox-2 inhibitors both as cancer prevention agents and as therapeutic agents in patients with proven malignancy until concerns were raised about their toxicity profile. Aspirin has several additional mechanisms of action that may contribute to its anti-cancer effect. It also influences cellular processes such as apoptosis and angiogenesis that are crucial for the development and growth of malignancies. Evidence suggests that these effects can occur through Cox-independent pathways questioning the rationale of focussing on Cox-2 inhibition alone as an anti-cancer strategy. Randomised studies with aspirin primarily designed to prevent cardiovascular disease have demonstrated a reduction in cancer deaths with long-term follow-up. Concerns about ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Menée auprès de 842 participants américains, cette étude observationnelle prospective évalue le rôle des statines dans la prévention de la récidive du cancer du côlon et dans la survie des patients

• Relationship Between Statin Use and Colon Cancer Recurrence and Survival: Results From CALGB 89803
  • Journal of the National Cancer Institute, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée auprès de 842 participants américains, cette étude observationnelle prospective évalue le rôle des statines dans la prévention de la récidive du cancer du côlon et dans la survie des patients

  “Relationship Between Statin Use and Colon Cancer Recurrence and Survival: Results From CALGB 89803”

  • Ng, Kimmie;Ogino, Shuji;Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A.;Chan, Jennifer A.;Chan, Andrew T.;Niedzwiecki, Donna;Hollis, Donna;Saltz, Leonard B.;Mayer, Robert J.;Benson, Al B.;Schaefer, Paul L.;Whittom, Renaud;Hantel, Alexander;Goldberg, Richard M.;Bertagnolli, Monica M.;Venook, Alan P.;Fuchs, Charles S.

  Background Although preclinical and epidemiological data suggest that statins may have antineoplastic properties, the impact of statin use on patient survival after a curative resection of stage III colon cancer is unknown.Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of 842 patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial from April 1999 to May 2001 to investigate the relationship between statin use and survival. Disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were investigated by Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests in the overall study population and in a subset of patients stratified by KRAS mutation status (n = 394), and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the simultaneous impact of confounding variables. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results Among 842 patients, 134 (15.9%) reported statin use after completing adjuvant chemotherapy. DFS among statin users and ...

  
  

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Cette étude américaine (904 cas et 1 224 témoins) évalue l'effet protecteur de l'aspirine et des médicaments anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens sur le risque de cancer du pancréas

• Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), acetaminophen, and pancreatic cancer risk: A clinic-based case-control study
  • Cancer Prevention Research, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cette étude américaine (904 cas et 1 224 témoins) évalue l'effet protecteur de l'aspirine et des médicaments anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens sur le risque de cancer du pancréas

  “Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), acetaminophen, and pancreatic cancer risk: A clinic-based case-control study”

  • Tan, Xiang-Lin;Reid-Lombardo, Kaye M;Bamlet, William R.;Oberg, Ann L.;Robinson, Dennis P;Anderson, Kristin E;Petersen, Gloria M

  Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) show indisputable promise as cancer chemoprevention agents. However, studies have been inconsistent as to whether aspirin has a protective effect in development of pancreatic cancer. To further evaluate the association between aspirin, NSAID and acetaminophen use with pancreatic cancer risk, we utilized a clinic-based case-control study of 904 rapidly ascertained histologically or clinically documented pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases, and 1,224 age- and sex-matched healthy controls evaluated at Mayo Clinic from April 2004 to September 2010. Overall, there is no relationship between non-aspirin NSAID or acetaminophen use and risk of pancreatic cancer. Aspirin use ≥ 1 day/month was associated with a significantly decreased risk of pancreatic cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.60, 0.91, P = 0.005), compared with never or < 1 day/month. Analysis by frequency and frequency-dosage of use ...

  
  

Mots clés : Pancréas; Prévention (Chimioprévention)

Cette étude de cohorte européenne "PATRICIA" évalue l'efficacité du vaccin anti-HPV 16/18 sur des jeunes femmes agées de 15 à 25 ans et ayant eu, ou non, une infection par le papillomavirus humain antérieure à la vaccination

• Efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in women aged 15–25 years with and without serological evidence of previous exposure to HPV-16/18
  • International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cette étude de cohorte européenne "PATRICIA" évalue l'efficacité du vaccin anti-HPV 16/18 sur des jeunes femmes agées de 15 à 25 ans et ayant eu, ou non, une infection par le papillomavirus humain antérieure à la vaccination

  “Efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in women aged 15–25 years with and without serological evidence of previous exposure to HPV-16/18”

  • Szarewski, A.;Poppe, W. A. J.;Skinner, S. R.;Wheeler, C. M.;Paavonen, J.;Naud, P.;Salmeron, J.;Chow, S. N.;Apter, D.;Kitchener, H.;Castellsagué, X.;Teixeira, J. C.;Hedrick, J.;Jaisamrarn, U.;Limson, G.;Garland, S.;Romanowski, B.;Aoki, F. Y.;Schwarz, T. F.;Bosch, F. X.;Harper, D. M.;Hardt, K.;Zahaf, T.;Descamps, D.;Struyf, F.;Lehtinen, M.;Dubin, G.;For the, H. P. V. Patricia Study Group

  Abstract In the Phase III PATRICIA study, the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (Cervarix®, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) was highly efficacious against HPV-16/18 infections and precancerous lesions in women HPV-16/18 DNA negative and seronegative at baseline. We present further data on vaccine efficacy (VE) against HPV-16/18 in the total vaccinated cohort including women who may have been exposed to HPV-16/18 infection prior to vaccination. In women with no evidence of current or previous HPV-16/18 infection (DNA negative and seronegative), VE was 90.3% (96.1% confidence interval: 87.3–92.6) against 6-month persistent infection (PI), 91.9% (84.6–96.2) against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1+, and 94.6% (86.3–98.4) against CIN2+ [97.7% (91.1-99.8) when using the HPV type assignment algorithm; TAA]. In women HPV-16/18 DNA negative but with serological evidence of previous HPV-16/18 infection (seropositive), VE was 72.3% (53.0–84.5) against 6-month PI,67.2% ...

  
  

Mots clés : Col de l'utérus; Prévention (Vaccins)

Menée auprès de 2 471 participants, cette étude analyse les facteurs prédictifs de succès de l'arrêt du tabac dans le cadre d'un programme d'aide au sevrage tabagique

• Predictors of Short-Term Success in Smoking Cessation in Relation to Attendance at a Smoking Cessation Program
  • Nicotine & Tobacco Research, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée auprès de 2 471 participants, cette étude analyse les facteurs prédictifs de succès de l'arrêt du tabac dans le cadre d'un programme d'aide au sevrage tabagique

  “Predictors of Short-Term Success in Smoking Cessation in Relation to Attendance at a Smoking Cessation Program”

  • Dorner, Thomas Ernst;Tröstl, Astrid;Womastek, Irene;Groman, Ernest

  Introduction: The identification of individual characteristics that predict success in smoking cessation is necessary to improve the effectiveness of smoking cessation efforts. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that predict success in smoking cessation in people who attended 2, 3, 4, or 5 sessions of a smoking cessation program.Methods: The participants comprised 2,471 people who attended at least 2 consultations during a 5-week smoking cessation program. Success in smoking cessation was defined as self-reported abstinence and having an exhaled carbon monoxide level ≤10 parts per million at the final consultation. Baseline characteristics were compared using univariate analysis of variance and the chi-square test. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of baseline characteristics and the slopes of the withdrawal symptoms on the success in smoking cessation.Results: Participating in a higher number of sessions gradually ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prévention (Politiques et programmes de prévention)

Cet article analyse l'efficacité de la politique gouvernementale canadienne relative à la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain

• Another Look at the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Experience in Canada
  • Am J Public Health, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cet article analyse l'efficacité de la politique gouvernementale canadienne relative à la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain

  “Another Look at the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Experience in Canada”

  • Mah, Catherine L.;Deber, Raisa B.;Guttmann, Astrid;McGeer, Allison;Krahn, Murray

  Policy debates about immunization frequently focus on classic trade-offs between individual versus collective well being. Publicly funded immunization programs are usually justified on the basis of widespread public benefit with minimal individual risk. We discuss the example of the policy process surrounding the adoption of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Canada to consider whether public good arguments continue to dominate immunization policymaking. Specifically, we show how a range of stakeholders framed HPV vaccination as a personal-rather than a public-matter, despite the absence of a controversy over mandatory immunization as was the case in the United States. Our findings suggest an erosion of the persuasiveness of public good arguments around collective immunization programs in the policy discourse. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print August 18, 2011:e1-e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300205)

  
  

Mots clés : Col de l'utérus; Prévention (Politiques et programmes de prévention)

Menée en Australie auprès de 500 médecins généralistes, cette étude transversale analyse leurs comportements et connaissances vis-à-vis de la vitamine D, de l'exposition solaire et du risque de cancer de la peau

• Prescribing sunshine: A cross-sectional survey of 500 Australian general practitioners' practices and attitudes about vitamin D
  • International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée en Australie auprès de 500 médecins généralistes, cette étude transversale analyse leurs comportements et connaissances vis-à-vis de la vitamine D, de l'exposition solaire et du risque de cancer de la peau

  “Prescribing sunshine: A cross-sectional survey of 500 Australian general practitioners' practices and attitudes about vitamin D”

  • Bonevski, Billie;Girgis, Afaf;Magin, Parker;Horton, Graeme;Brozek, Irena;Armstrong, Bruce

  Abstract This study aimed to assess the attitudes, practices and knowledge of general practitioners (GPs) with regards to vitamin D. A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of GPs stratified by location of practice (rural/remote or metropolitan) and employment status (full-time or part-time) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia was conducted. Of 500 respondents, 58.1% (95% CI 53.8–62.4) reported that up to 39% of their tested patients showed vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and a further 37.7% (95% CI 33.5–41.9) of respondents said that over 40% of their patients were vitamin D insufficient. Vitamin D supplementation and advice to receive more natural sunlight were the most common ways vitamin D insufficiency was managed (97.1%; 95% CI 95.6–98.6 and 82%, 95% CI 78.6–85.4, respectively). Some gaps in knowledge were identified. Most respondents (64%; 95% CI 59.8–68.2) believed that a person of average sun sensitivity required 10 min of direct sun exposure during summer ...

  
  

Mots clés : Peau (hors mélanome); Prévention (Ressources et infrastructures (Prévention))