Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic

Menée sur 64 patientes atteintes d'un cancer primitif du sein, cette étude identifie une signature moléculaire, basée sur 21 protéines, susceptible de prédire le risque de métastases

• Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, sous presse, 2011 (article en libre accès)
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  Menée sur 64 patientes atteintes d'un cancer primitif du sein, cette étude identifie une signature moléculaire, basée sur 21 protéines, susceptible de prédire le risque de métastases

  “Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases”

  • Carlsson, Anders;Wingren, Christer;Kristensson, Malin;Rose, Carsten;Fernö, Mårten;Olsson, Håkan;Jernström, Helena;Ek, Sara;Gustavsson, Elin;Ingvar, Christian;Ohlsson, Mattias;Peterson, Carsten;Borrebaeck, Carl A. K.

  The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3–6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Découverte de technologies et de biomarqueurs)

Cette étude présente une méthode à base d'auto-anticorps pour identifier des biomarqueurs de diagnostic précoce d'un cancer colorectal

• Development of autoantibody signatures as biomarkers for early detection of colorectal carcinoma
  • Clinical Cancer Research, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cette étude présente une méthode à base d'auto-anticorps pour identifier des biomarqueurs de diagnostic précoce d'un cancer colorectal

  “Development of autoantibody signatures as biomarkers for early detection of colorectal carcinoma”

  • Chang, Wen-Jun;Wu, Ling-Ling;Cao, Fuao;Liu, Yan;Ma, Li-Ye;Wang, Mei;Zhao, Dongbao;Li, Ping;Zhang, Qi;Tan, Xiaojie;Yu, Yong-Wei;Lou, Zheng;Zhao, Jinfeng;Zhang, Hong-Wei;Fu, Chuan Gang;Cao, Guangwen

  Purpose: To select autoantibody signatures for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Experimental Design: A phage cDNA expression library was constructed with fresh tumors from 30 CRC patients and biopanned using serum pools of 20 CRC patients and 20 healthy controls. A classifier was discovered in the training set of 30 CRC patients at stages I-II and 30 matched healthy controls and then blindly validated in an independent set of 60 CRC patients, 60 healthy controls, 52 polyps patients, and 30 autoimmune diseases patients. Expression of proteins was examined using immunohistochemistry. Results: Five phage-peptide clones showing higher discriminatory power than others in training set were selected for validation. The 5-phage-peptide classifier was able to discriminate between early CRC patients and healthy controls with sensitivities of 90.0-92.7% and specificities of 91.7-93.3%. In those with serum carcinoembryonic antigen <5ng/mL, the classifier was efficient in discriminating ...

  
  

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Découverte de technologies et de biomarqueurs)

Menée sur 23 patientes, cette étude montre la faisabilité d'une méthode d'imagerie optique non invasive pour estimer très rapidement la réponse tumorale à une chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante

• Optical imaging of breast cancer oxyhemoglobin flare correlates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy response one day after starting treatment
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée sur 23 patientes, cette étude montre la faisabilité d'une méthode d'imagerie optique non invasive pour estimer très rapidement la réponse tumorale à une chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante

  “Optical imaging of breast cancer oxyhemoglobin flare correlates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy response one day after starting treatment”

  • Roblyer, Darren;Ueda, Shigeto;Cerussi, Albert;Tanamai, Wendy;Durkin, Amanda;Mehta, Rita;Hsiang, David;Butler, John A.;McLaren, Christine;Chen, Wen-Pin;Tromberg, Bruce

  Approximately 8–20% of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy fail to achieve a measurable response and endure toxic side effects without benefit. Most clinical and imaging measures of response are obtained several weeks after the start of therapy. Here, we report that functional hemodynamic and metabolic information acquired using a noninvasive optical imaging method on the first day after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment can discriminate nonresponding from responding patients. Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging was used to measure absolute concentrations of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, water, and lipid in tumor and normal breast tissue of 24 tumors in 23 patients with untreated primary breast cancer. Measurements were made before chemotherapy, on day 1 after the first infusion, and frequently during the first week of therapy. Various multidrug, multicycle regimens were used to treat patients. Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging measurements were ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Découverte de technologies et de biomarqueurs)

Menée sur 31 patients atteints d'un cancer épidermoïde de la tête et du cou, cette étude évalue divers biomarqueurs susceptibles de prédire la réponse à un traitement combinant gefitinib, cisplatine et radiothérapie

• Gefitinib, cisplatin, and concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer: EGFR FISH, protein expression, and mutational status are not predictive biomarkers
  • Annals of Oncology, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée sur 31 patients atteints d'un cancer épidermoïde de la tête et du cou, cette étude évalue divers biomarqueurs susceptibles de prédire la réponse à un traitement combinant gefitinib, cisplatine et radiothérapie

  “Gefitinib, cisplatin, and concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer: EGFR FISH, protein expression, and mutational status are not predictive biomarkers”

  • Tan, E.-H.;Goh, C.;Lim, W. T.;Soo, K. C.;Khoo, M. L.;Tan, T.;Tan, D. S. W.;Ang, M. K.;Ng, Q. S.;Tan, P. H.;Lim, A.;Hwang, J.;Teng, Y. H. F.;Lim, T. H.;Tan, S. H.;Baskaran, N.;Hui, K. M.

  Background: Gefitinib was demonstrated to be synergistic with cisplatin and radiotherapy (RT) in in vitro studies. Biomarkers predictive of response to gefitinib in squamous cell head and neck cancer is still lacking.Methods: Thirty-one patients with locally advanced and easily accessible primary tumor sites for biopsies were recruited. Gefitinib was started 3 weeks before the start of cisplatin/concurrent radiotherapy (CTRT) and continued during the CTRT phase and thereafter for 4 months as consolidation phase. Two baselines and a repeat tumor sample were taken after 2 weeks of gefitinib alone to study its impact on tumor gene expression. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression, FISH and mutational status, and matrix metallopeptidase 11 (MMP11) protein expression were correlated with response and survival outcome.Results: The overall response rate to gefitinib alone was 9.7%. The survival outcome is as follows: median disease free 1.3 years, median survival time ...

  
  

Mots clés : Voies aérodigestives supérieures; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Evaluation des technologies et des biomarqueurs)

Cet article passe en revue le rôle des différents sous-types de récepteurs aux estrogènes dans les cancers du sein hormono-dépendants

• The different roles of ER subtypes in cancer biology and therapy
  • Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 11 (8), pp. 597-608, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cet article passe en revue le rôle des différents sous-types de récepteurs aux estrogènes dans les cancers du sein hormono-dépendants

  “The different roles of ER subtypes in cancer biology and therapy”

  • Thomas, Christoforos;Gustafsson, Jan-Åke

  By eliciting distinct transcriptional responses, the oestrogen receptors (ERs) ER α and ERβ exert opposite effects on cellular processes that include proliferation, apoptosis and migration and that differentially influence the development and the progression of cancer. Perturbation of ER subtype-specific expression has been detected in various types of cancer, and the differences in the expression of ERs are correlated with the clinical outcome. The changes in the bioavailability of ERs in tumours, together with their specific biological functions, promote the selective restoration of their activity as one of the major therapeutic approaches for hormone-dependent cancers.

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Evaluation des technologies et des biomarqueurs)

A partir d'échantillons urinaires prélevés sur 1 312 hommes, cette étude montre que la mesure du transcrit issu de la fusion des gènes TMPRSS2 et ERG, en combinaison avec la mesure du niveau de PCA3 dans l'urine également, permet de renforcer l'utilité de la mesure du PSA sérique pour la prédiction du risque de cancer de la prostate

• Urine TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion Transcript Stratifies Prostate Cancer Risk in Men with Elevated Serum PSA
  • Science Translational Medicine, Vol. 3 (94), pp. 94ra72, 2011 (résumé)
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  A partir d'échantillons urinaires prélevés sur 1 312 hommes, cette étude montre que la mesure du transcrit issu de la fusion des gènes TMPRSS2 et ERG, en combinaison avec la mesure du niveau de PCA3 dans l'urine également, permet de renforcer l'utilité de la mesure du PSA sérique pour la prédiction du risque de cancer de la prostate

  “Urine TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion Transcript Stratifies Prostate Cancer Risk in Men with Elevated Serum PSA”

  • Tomlins, Scott A.;Aubin, Sheila M. J.;Siddiqui, Javed;Lonigro, Robert J.;Sefton-Miller, Laurie;Miick, Siobhan;Williamsen, Sarah;Hodge, Petrea;Meinke, Jessica;Blase, Amy;Penabella, Yvonne;Day, John R.;Varambally, Radhika;Han, Bo;Wood, David;Wang, Lei;Sanda, Martin G.;Rubin, Mark A.;Rhodes, Daniel R.;Hollenbeck, Brent;Sakamoto, Kyoko;Silberstein, Jonathan L.;Fradet, Yves;Amberson, James B.;Meyers, Stephanie;Palanisamy, Nallasivam;Rittenhouse, Harry;Wei, John T.;Groskopf, Jack;Chinnaiyan, Arul M.

  More than 1,000,000 men undergo prostate biopsy each year in the United States, most for “elevated” serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Given the lack of specificity and unclear mortality benefit of PSA testing, methods to individualize management of elevated PSA are needed. Greater than 50% of PSA-screened prostate cancers harbor fusions between the transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) genes. Here, we report a clinical-grade, transcription-mediated amplification assay to risk stratify and detect prostate cancer noninvasively in urine. The TMPRSS2:ERG fusion transcript was quantitatively measured in prospectively collected whole urine from 1312 men at multiple centers. Urine TMPRSS2:ERG was associated with indicators of clinically significant cancer at biopsy and prostatectomy, including tumor size, high Gleason score at prostatectomy, and upgrading of Gleason grade at prostatectomy. TMPRSS2:ERG, in ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prostate; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Evaluation des technologies et des biomarqueurs)

A partir de données portant sur 684 956 femmes et plus de 1,6 million de mammographies, cette étude évalue l'intérêt des logiciels de détection assistée par ordinateur pour analyser les images et détecter des cancers du sein

• Computer-Assisted Detection and Screening Mammography: Where’s the Beef?
  • Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 103 (15), pp. 1139-1141, 2011 (éditorial en libre accès)
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  A partir de données portant sur 684 956 femmes et plus de 1,6 million de mammographies, cette étude évalue l'intérêt des logiciels de détection assistée par ordinateur pour analyser les images et détecter des cancers du sein

  “Computer-Assisted Detection and Screening Mammography: Where’s the Beef?”

  • Berry, Donald A.

  
  
• Effectiveness of Computer-Aided Detection in Community Mammography Practice
  • Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 103 (15), pp. 1152-1161, 2011 (résumé)
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  A partir de données portant sur 684 956 femmes et plus de 1,6 million de mammographies, cette étude évalue l'intérêt des logiciels de détection assistée par ordinateur pour analyser les images et détecter des cancers du sein

  “Effectiveness of Computer-Aided Detection in Community Mammography Practice”

  • Fenton, Joshua J. ; Abraham, Linn ; Taplin, Stephen H. ; Geller, Berta M. ; Carney, Patricia A. ; D’Orsi, Carl ; Elmore, Joann G. ; Barlow, William E. ; for the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium

  Background Computer-aided detection (CAD) is applied during screening mammography for millions of US women annually, although it is uncertain whether CAD improves breast cancer detection when used by community radiologists.Methods We investigated the association between CAD use during film-screen screening mammography and specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, cancer detection rates, and prognostic characteristics of breast cancers (stage, size, and node involvement). Records from 684 956 women who received more than 1.6 million film-screen mammograms at Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium facilities in seven states in the United States from 1998 to 2006 were analyzed. We used random-effects logistic regression to estimate associations between CAD and specificity (true-negative examinations among women without breast cancer), sensitivity (true-positive examinations among women with breast cancer diagnosed within 1 year of mammography), and positive predictive value ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Essais de technologies et de biomarqueurs dans un contexte clinique)

A partir de données issues de 20 essais cliniques ayant évalué le tamoxifène en traitement adjuvant d'un cancer du sein, cette méta-analyse évalue la pertinence de la mesure des récepteurs hormonaux, ainsi que d'autes caractéristiques des patientes, pour prédire l'efficacité du traitement

• Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials
  • The Lancet, sous presse, 2011 (article en libre accès)
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  A partir de données issues de 20 essais cliniques ayant évalué le tamoxifène en traitement adjuvant d'un cancer du sein, cette méta-analyse évalue la pertinence de la mesure des récepteurs hormonaux, ainsi que d'autes caractéristiques des patientes, pour prédire l'efficacité du traitement

  “Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials”

  • Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative, Group

  As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome can be assessed increasingly reliably. We report updated meta-analyses of the trials of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. We undertook a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from 20 trials (n=21?457) in early breast cancer of about 5 years of tamoxifen versus no adjuvant tamoxifen, with about 80% compliance. Recurrence and death rate ratios (RRs) were from log-rank analyses by allocated treatment. In oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease (n=10?645), allocation to about 5 years of tamoxifen substantially reduced recurrence rates throughout the first 10 years (RR 0·53 [SE 0·03] during years 0?4 and RR 0·68 [0·06] during years 5?9 [both 2p<0·00001]; but RR 0·97 [0·10] during years 10?14, suggesting no further gain or loss after year 10). Even in marginally ER-positive disease (10?19 fmol/mg ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Essais de technologies et de biomarqueurs dans un contexte clinique)

Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de populations à risque, cette étude transversale évalue la faisabilité et l'efficacité d'un test similaire au frottis cervical destiné à la détection d'une infection par le papillomavirus humain dans la cavité buccale

• Associations between oral HPV16 infection and cytopathology: evaluation of an oropharyngeal "Pap-test equivalent" in high-risk populations
  • Cancer Prevention Research, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée aux Etats-Unis auprès de populations à risque, cette étude transversale évalue la faisabilité et l'efficacité d'un test similaire au frottis cervical destiné à la détection d'une infection par le papillomavirus humain dans la cavité buccale

  “Associations between oral HPV16 infection and cytopathology: evaluation of an oropharyngeal "Pap-test equivalent" in high-risk populations”

  • Fakhry, Carole;Rosenthal, Barbara;Clark, Douglas P.;Gillison, Maura L

  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OSCC) in the United States (U.S.), and yet, no screening strategies have been evaluated. Secondary prevention by means of HPV detection and cervical cytology has led to a decline in cervical cancer incidence in the U.S. Here, we explored an analogous strategy by evaluating associations between HPV16 infection, cytopathology and histopathology in two populations at elevated risk for OSCC. In the first, a cross-sectional study population (PAP1), cytology specimens were collected by means of brush biopsy from patients presenting with oropharyngeal abnormalities. In the second (PAP2), a nested case-control study, bilateral tonsillar cytology samples were collected at 12-month intervals from HIV-infected individuals. The presence of cytopathological abnormality in HPV16-positive tonsil brush biopsies (cases) was compared to HPV16-negative samples (controls) matched on age and gender. ...

  
  

Mots clés : Voies aérodigestives supérieures; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Essais de technologies et de biomarqueurs dans un contexte clinique)

Menée au Royaume-Uni dans le cadre du programme national de dépistage, cette étude évalue le taux de néoplasies colorectales détectées par coloscopie à la suite du résultat positif d'un test de recherche du sang occulte dans les selles

• High yield of colorectal neoplasia detected by colonoscopy following a positive faecal occult blood test in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
  • J Med Screen, Vol. 18 (2), pp. 82-86, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée au Royaume-Uni dans le cadre du programme national de dépistage, cette étude évalue le taux de néoplasies colorectales détectées par coloscopie à la suite du résultat positif d'un test de recherche du sang occulte dans les selles

  “High yield of colorectal neoplasia detected by colonoscopy following a positive faecal occult blood test in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme”

  • Lee, Thomas J W;Clifford, Gayle M;Rajasekhar, Praveen;Rutter, Matthew D;Kometa, Simon;Ritchie, Mary C;Waddup, Greg;Nylander, David;McNally, Richard J Q;Rees, Colin J

  ObjectivesThe UK National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) is based on a strategy of biennial faecal occult blood (FOB) testing. Positive results are classified as abnormal' or weak positive' based on the number of positive windows per kit or need for repeat testing. Colonoscopy is offered to both groups. We evaluate the relationship between FOB test positivity and clinical outcome in the BCSP. SettingThe South of Tyne and Tees (UK) Bowel Cancer Screening Centres. MethodsData were collected prospectively on all individuals who were offered FOB testing and colonoscopy between February 2007 and February 2009. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between FOB test positivity and clinical outcome. ResultsFollowing FOB testing, 1524 individuals underwent colonoscopy, 1259 (83%) after a weak positive' and 265 (17%) an abnormal' result. Cancer was detected in 180 (11.8%) and adenomas in 758 (49.7%). Individuals with an ...

  
  

Mots clés : Colon-rectum; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Essais de technologies et de biomarqueurs dans un contexte clinique)

Menée sur 1 046 cas de cancer du poumon non à petites cellules, cette étude évalue l'association entre la présence de mutations du gène BRAF et l'évolution de la maladie

• Clinical Features and Outcome of Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring BRAF Mutations
  • Journal of Clinical Oncology, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée sur 1 046 cas de cancer du poumon non à petites cellules, cette étude évalue l'association entre la présence de mutations du gène BRAF et l'évolution de la maladie

  “Clinical Features and Outcome of Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring BRAF Mutations”

  • Marchetti, Antonio;Felicioni, Lara;Malatesta, Sara;Sciarrotta, Maria Grazia;Guetti, Luigi;Chella, Antonio;Viola, Patrizia;Pullara, Carmela;Mucilli, Felice;Buttitta, Fiamma

  Purpose To investigate the prevalence, distribution, and prognostic role of BRAF mutations in a large cohort of white patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and Methods A retrospective series of 1,046 NSCLCs—comprising 739 adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and 307 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs)—was investigated for BRAF mutations. High-resolution melting analysis followed by sequencing and strip hybridization assay were used. All patients were also analyzed for KRAS and EGFR mutations.Results BRAF mutations were present in 36 ADCs (4.9%) and one SCC (0.3%; P = .001). Twenty-one of the mutations (56.8%) were V600E, and 16 (43.2%) were non-V600E. V600E mutations were significantly more prevalent in females (16 of 187 patients; 8.6%) than in males (five of 552 patients; 0.9%), as indicated by multivariate logistic regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 11.29; P < .001). V600E-mutated tumors showed an aggressive histotype characterized by micropapillary features in 80% of ...

  
  

Mots clés : Poumon; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Essais de technologies et de biomarqueurs dans un contexte clinique)

A partir de données issues de l'essai de phase III FLEX évaluant l'ajout du cetuximab à une combinaison cisplatine-vinorelbine dans le cancer du poumon non à petites cellules, cette étude rétrospective évalue divers biomarqueurs susceptibles de prédire la réponse thérapeutique

• Molecular biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of data from the phase 3 FLEX study
  • The Lancet Oncology, Vol. 12 (8), pp. 795-805, 2011 (résumé)
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  A partir de données issues de l'essai de phase III FLEX évaluant l'ajout du cetuximab à une combinaison cisplatine-vinorelbine dans le cancer du poumon non à petites cellules, cette étude rétrospective évalue divers biomarqueurs susceptibles de prédire la réponse thérapeutique

  “Molecular biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of data from the phase 3 FLEX study”

  • O'Byrne, Kenneth J.;Gatzemeier, Ulrich;Bondarenko, Igor;Barrios, Carlos;Eschbach, Corinna;Martens, Uwe M.;Hotko, Yevhen;Kortsik, Cornelius;Paz-Ares, Luis;Pereira, Jose R.;von Pawel, Joachim;Ramlau, Rodryg;Roh, Jae-Kyung;Yu, Chih-Teng;Stroh, Christopher;Celik, Ilhan;Schueler, Armin;Pirker, Robert

  Findings from the phase 3 FLEX study showed that the addition of cetuximab to cisplatin and vinorelbine significantly improved overall survival, compared with cisplatin and vinorelbine alone, in the first-line treatment of EGFR-expressing, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated whether candidate biomarkers were predictive for the efficacy of chemotherapy plus cetuximab in this setting. Genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour tissue of patients enrolled in the FLEX study was screened forKRAScodon 12 and 13 andEGFRkinase domain mutations with PCR-based assays. In FFPE tissue sections,EGFRcopy number was assessed by dual-colour fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry. Treatment outcome was investigated according to biomarker status in all available samples from patients in the intention-to-treat population. The primary endpoint in the FLEX study was overall survival. The FLEX study, which is ...

  
  
• Are all KRAS mutations created equal?
  • The Lancet Oncology, Vol. 12 (8), pp. 717-718, 2011 (commentaire en libre accès)
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  A partir de données issues de l'essai de phase III FLEX évaluant l'ajout du cetuximab à une combinaison cisplatine-vinorelbine dans le cancer du poumon non à petites cellules, cette étude rétrospective évalue divers biomarqueurs susceptibles de prédire la réponse thérapeutique

  “Are all KRAS mutations created equal?”

  • Stinchcombe, Thomas E. ; Der, Channing J.

  
  

Mots clés : Poumon; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Essais de technologies et de biomarqueurs dans un contexte clinique)

A partir des données des registres danois des cancers, cette étude analyse l'évolution du traitement des néoplasies intraépithéliales cervicales, en termes de fréquence et de volume, dans une population participant au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus

• Frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treatment in a well-screened population
  • International Journal of Cancer, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  A partir des données des registres danois des cancers, cette étude analyse l'évolution du traitement des néoplasies intraépithéliales cervicales, en termes de fréquence et de volume, dans une population participant au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus

  “Frequency of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treatment in a well-screened population”

  • Barken, Sidsel Svennekjær;Rebolj, Matejka;Andersen, Erik Søgaard;Lynge, Elsebeth

  Abstract Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detectable at screening has helped reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, but has also led to overtreatment. The estimates of overtreatment have often focused on a particular grade of CIN or age group. The aim of this paper was to provide a nationwide population-based estimate of the frequency of CIN treatment per prevented cervical cancer case in a well-screened population. We retrieved the data from the Danish National Population, Patient, Health Insurance, Pathology, and Cancer Registers, and calculated annual age-standardized CIN treatment rates. We estimated the frequency of CIN treatment per prevented cervical cancer case by comparing the cumulative life-time risk of CIN treatment from 1996 onward, with the difference in the cumulative life-time risks of cervical cancer in the prescreening and the screening periods. Since 1996, more than 5,000 CIN treatments were undertaken annually in the population of about 2.2 ...

  
  

Mots clés : Col de l'utérus; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Politiques et programmes de dépistage)

Cette étude américaine évalue l'intérêt d'une stratégie de surveillance active pour les hommes à faible risque de cancer de la prostate pour éviter surdiagnostic et surtraitement

• Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: Progress and Promise
  • Journal of Clinical Oncology, sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cette étude américaine évalue l'intérêt d'une stratégie de surveillance active pour les hommes à faible risque de cancer de la prostate pour éviter surdiagnostic et surtraitement

  “Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: Progress and Promise”

  • Cooperberg, Matthew R.;Carroll, Peter R.;Klotz, Laurence

  Widespread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) –based screening and aggressive treatment of prostate cancer have reduced mortality rates substantially, but both remain controversial in large part because of high rates of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of otherwise indolent tumors. Active surveillance—or close monitoring of PSA levels combined with periodic imaging and repeat biopsies—is gaining acceptance as an alternative initial management strategy for men with low-risk prostate cancer. In reported series, rates of progression to active treatment with intermediate-term follow-up have ranged from 14% to 41%, and likelihood of subsequent cure with surgery or radiation does not seem to be compromised by an initial trial of surveillance. Two related challenges to broader acceptance of surveillance are better characterization at time of diagnosis of the risk of progression (including likelihood that given tumor may have been undersampled by diagnostic biopsy) and validation of optimal ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prostate; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Politiques et programmes de dépistage)

Menée en Espagne auprès de 14 035 participantes, cette étude évalue les disparités dans le recours au dépistage du cancer du sein et du col de l'utérus, qu'il s'agisse d'un dépistage spontané ou du dépistage organisé

• Narrowing the equity gap: the impact of organized versus opportunistic cancer screening in Catalonia (Spain)
  • J Med Screen, Vol. 18 (2), pp. 87-90, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée en Espagne auprès de 14 035 participantes, cette étude évalue les disparités dans le recours au dépistage du cancer du sein et du col de l'utérus, qu'il s'agisse d'un dépistage spontané ou du dépistage organisé

  “Narrowing the equity gap: the impact of organized versus opportunistic cancer screening in Catalonia (Spain)”

  • Espinas, Josep A;Aliste, Luisa;Fernandez, Esteve;Argimon, Josep M;Tresserras, Ricard;Borras, Josep M

  ObjectivesTo assess the impact on equity of access of an organized breast cancer screening programme, compared with opportunistic breast and cervical cancer screening activities. MethodsTwo cross-sectional health interview surveys conducted in 1994 and 2006 in Catalonia (Spain), with 6382 and 7653 women participating in both surveys. The main outcome measures were having undergone regular mammography, and regular cytology. Age-standardized prevalence rates for both screening tests were computed using the direct method. The relative inequality index was computed to measure changes over time in inequality on screening utilization. ResultsParticipation among women aged 50-69 has increased after the introduction of the organized breast screening programme; the greatest impact has been observed among those women with lower educational levels (from 17% in 1994 to 79% in 2006). Equity of access by education was particularly increased in the target group for breast cancer screening. ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Politiques et programmes de dépistage)

Cette étude analyse les facteurs de succès de divers programmes de dépistage des cancers auprès de populations européennes

• Determinants of successful implementation of population-based cancer screening programmes
  • European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Cette étude analyse les facteurs de succès de divers programmes de dépistage des cancers auprès de populations européennes

  “Determinants of successful implementation of population-based cancer screening programmes”

  • Lynge, Elsebeth;Törnberg, Sven;von Karsa, Lawrence;Segnan, Nereo;van Delden, Johannes J. M.

  To facilitate the future implementation of population-based cancer screening programmes in European countries, we summarised the experience gained from existing programmes across Europe. We listed points that citizens, advocacy groups, politicians, health planners, and health professionals should consider when planning, implementing and running population based cancer screening programmes. The list is general and is applicable to breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening. It is based on evidence presented in the three European Union guidelines on quality assurance in cancer screening and diagnosis, supplemented with other literature and expert experience presented at a European Science Advisory Network for Health workshop. The implementation of a cancer screening programme should be divided into the following seven phases: (1) before planning, (2) planning, (3) feasibility testing, (4) piloting or trial implementation, (5) scaling up from pilot to service, (6) running of ...

  
  

Mots clés : Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Politiques et programmes de dépistage)

Menée en Angleterre auprès de 60 708 participantes, cette étude pilote analyse la faisabilité et l'acceptabilité d'une procédure de randomisation dans la phase d'extension du dépistage organisé du cancer du sein aux femmes agées de 47 à 73 ans

• Extending the age range for breast screening in England: pilot study to assess the feasibility and acceptability of randomization
  • J Med Screen, Vol. 18 (2), pp. 96-102, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée en Angleterre auprès de 60 708 participantes, cette étude pilote analyse la faisabilité et l'acceptabilité d'une procédure de randomisation dans la phase d'extension du dépistage organisé du cancer du sein aux femmes agées de 47 à 73 ans

  “Extending the age range for breast screening in England: pilot study to assess the feasibility and acceptability of randomization”

  • Moser, Kath;Sellars, Sarah;Wheaton, Margot;Cooke, Julie;Duncan, Alison;Maxwell, Anthony;Michell, Michael;Wilson, Mary;Beral, Valerie;Peto, Richard;Richards, Mike;Patnick, Julietta

  ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and acceptability of randomizing the phased introduction of the extension of the invited age range in the National Health Service (NHS) Breast Screening Programme in England from 50-70 to 47-73 years. SettingSix volunteer breast screening units (BSUs) in England. MethodsCluster-randomized trial of invitation versus no invitation for breast screening. Study participants: women aged 47-49 and 71-73 years in screening batches randomized between 1 June 2009 and 31 May 2010. Outcomes: workload, screening uptake among women invited, self-referrals among women not invited, and screening outcomes among women invited. ResultsA total of 312 screening batches (clusters) were randomized including 60,708 women. Screening uptake was 63% in women aged 47-49 and 62% in women aged 71-73. Those who attended screening in the younger age group were more likely to be recalled for assessment than older attendees (7.5% vs. 3.0%) but less likely to be diagnosed with breast ...

  
  

Mots clés : Sein; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Politiques et programmes de dépistage)

Menée à partir des données de la cohorte "European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer" incluant 61 000 participants, cette étude évalue le taux de résultats faux-positifs lors des dépistages du cancer de la prostate

• False-positive screening results in the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer
  • European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), sous presse, 2011 (résumé)
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  Menée à partir des données de la cohorte "European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer" incluant 61 000 participants, cette étude évalue le taux de résultats faux-positifs lors des dépistages du cancer de la prostate

  “False-positive screening results in the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer”

  • Kilpeläinen, Tuomas P.;Tammela, Teuvo L. J.;Roobol, Monique;Hugosson, Jonas;Ciatto, Stefano;Nelen, Vera;Moss, Sue;Määttänen, Liisa;Auvinen, Anssi

  Screening for prostate cancer (PC) with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been shown to decrease mortality, but has adverse effects, such as false-positive (FP) screening results. We describe the frequency of FP results and assess their relation to subsequent screening attendance, test results and prostate cancer risk in a large randomized trial. We included data from five centres of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer, altogether over 61,000 screened men. Men were screened with PSA test at a 2–7year interval depending on the centre; PSA cut-off was 3.0–4.0ng/ml. A positive screen with no histologically confirmed PC in biopsy within 1year was defined as an FP result. Of the 61,604 men who were screened at least once, 17.8% had one or more FP result(s). Almost 20% of men who participated at all screening rounds had one or more FP result(s). More than half of the men with an FP result had another FP if screened again. Men with FP results had a fourfold ...

  
  

Mots clés : Prostate; Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic (Ressources et infrastructures (Dépistage))